Parental Attachment and Adolescent Moral Reaction Modes: The Serial Mediating Model of the Teacher–Student Relationship and Deviant Peer Affiliation

Figures & data

Figure 1 The proposed theoretical model predicting moral reaction modes.

Table 1 Means, Standard Deviations, and Intercorrelations Between Variables

Variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5
1 age	16.94^a	2.77	—
2 gender	0.49^a	0.50	−0.04*	—
3 PA	3.70^a	0.64	−0.04*	0.02	—
4 TS	3.32^a	0.56	−0.14**	−0.03	0.40**	—
5 DP	1.46^a	0.49	0.06**	−0.12**	−0.24**	−0.18**	—
6 HV	0.09^b	0.13	0.18**	−0.20**	−0.15**	−0.19**	0.23**
7 UHV	0.14^b	0.13	0.22**	0.08**	−0.12**	−0.22**	0.08**
8 HM	0.59^b	0.24	−0.16**	0.06**	0.22**	0.27**	−0.15**
9 UHM	0.18^b	0.18	−0.07**	0.01	−0.10**	−0.07**	−0.03

Notes: M^a: Mean of three main variables, male = 0, female = 1, M^b: Frequency of the four moral reaction modes in the total sample. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: PA, parental attachment; TS, teacher–student relationship; DP, deviant peer affiliation; HM, happy moralist models; UHM, unhappy moralist models; HV, happy victimizer models; UHV, unhappy victimizer models.

Table 2 Testing the Serial Mediation Effects on Individual Moral Reaction Modes

Variables	TS		DP		HV		UHV		HM		UHM
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
PA	0.40**	0.02	−0.20**	0.02	−0.05*	0.02	−0.04	0.02	0.11**	0.02	−0.09*	0.02
TS			−0.10**	0.02	−0.14**	0.02	−0.20**	0.02	0.21**	0.02	−0.06*	0.02
DP					0.19**	0.03	0.04	0.02	−0.08**	0.02	−0.04	0.02
χ^2/df					69.36		70.39		73.00		101.95
CFI/TLI					0.95/0.88		0.95/0.87		0.95/0.86		0.89/0.73
RMSEA					0.059		0.059		0.060		0.072
SRMR					0.025		0.028		0.026		0.035

Notes: The beta values are standardized coefficients. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: PA, parental attachment; TS, teacher–student relationship; DP, deviant peer affiliation; HM, happy moralist; UHM, unhappy moralist; HV, happy victimizer; UHV, unhappy victimizer.

Figure 2 The serial mediation models ((A) HV modes; (B) UHV modes; (C) HM modes; (D) UHM modes).

Notes: The number represents the regression coefficient of the two variables connected by the arrow line. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: PA, parental attachment; TS, teacher–student relationship; DP, deviant peer affiliation; HV, happy victimizer; UHV, unhappy victimizer; HM, happy moralist; UHM, unhappy moralist.

Table 3 Mediation and Effect Value

Path	Effect Value	P	Relative Mediation Effect	95% CI
				Lower Bound	Upper Bound
PA → TS → HV	−0.06	< 0.001	−0.06/-0.11 = 0.54	−0.08	−0.04
PA → DP → HV	−0.03	< 0.001	−0.03/-0.11 = 0.27	−0.06	−0.03
PA → TS → DP → HV	−0.01	0.001	−0.01/-0.11 = 0.09	−0.02	−0.01
HV Total Effect	−0.11	< 0.001
PA → TS → UHV	−0.08	< 0.001	−0.08/-0.09 = 0.89	−0.10	−0.07
UHV Total Effect	−0.09	< 0.001
PA → TS → HM	0.08	< 0.001	0.08/0.11 = 0.72	0.07	0.11
PA → DP → HM	0.01	< 0.001	0.01/0.11 = 0.09	0.01	0.03
PA → TS → DP → HM	0.01	0.006	0.01/0.11 = 0.09	0.01	0.02
HM Total Effect	0.11	< 0.001
PA → TS → UHM	−0.02	0.025	−0.02/-0.03 = 0.66	−0.04	−0.01
UHM Total Effect	−0.03	< 0.001

Abbreviations: PA, parental attachment; TS, teacher–student relationship; DP, deviant peer affiliation; HM, happy moralist; UHM, unhappy moralist; HV, happy victimizer; UHV, unhappy victimizer.