Emotional Intelligence: Emotional Expression and Emotional Regulation for Intrinsic and Extrinsic Emotional Satisfaction

Figures & data

Table 1 Adequacy, Normality, and Description of Data

Scales	N	KMO	BTS/X^2	VA	Items	α	M	SD	Range		Skewness	Kurtosis
									Potential	Actual
STUDY 1 (PCA)	500	0.858	914.276*	87.52%
Emotional Intelligence Scale					12	0.824	54.312	8.369	12–84	33–76	0.035	−0.356
Intrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.890	15.178	3.930	3–21	3–21	−0.524	−0.132
Emotional Expression					3	0.813	11.565	4.206	3–21	3–21	0.093	−0.477
Emotional Regulation					3	0.882	10.929	3.974	3–21	3–21	−0.011	−0.716
Extrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.855	16.640	2.545	3–21	11–21	−0.307	−0.474
STUDY 2 (EFA)	500	0.919	1208.561*	91.19%
Emotional Intelligence Scale					12	0.808	55.412	10.007	12–84	29–82	−0.044	−0.451
Intrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.807	15.018	4.149	3–21	3–21	−0.667	−0.306
Emotional Expression					3	0.867	12.376	4.569	3–21	3–21	−0.080	−0.711
Emotional Regulation					3	0.826	11.030	4.307	3–21	3–21	0.048	−0.848
Extrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.803	16.988	2.467	3–21	9–21	−0.412	−0.241
STUDY 3 (CFA)	894	0.924	2022.658*	90.00%
Emotional Intelligence Scale					12	0.807	55.097	10.000	12–84	27–84	0.015	−0.446
Intrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.895	14.875	4.137	3–21	3–21	−0.595	−0.440
Emotional Expression					3	0.834	12.264	4.466	3–21	3–21	−0.040	−0.705
Emotional Regulation					3	0.826	10.980	4.306	3–21	3–21	0.023	−0.848
Extrinsic Satisfaction					3	0.862	16.979	2.437	3–21	9–21	−0.404	−0.301
Social Intelligence Scale					8	0.888	38.770	7.294	8–56	14–56	−0.256	−0.165
Emotional Intelligence Measure					33	0.875	125.370	15.711	33–165	66–163	−0.326	0.036
Positive & Negative Affect					20	0.784	56.281	12.246	20–100	20–100	0.145	0.454
Positive Affect					10	0.879	30.213	9.162	10–50	10–50	−0.091	−0.634
Negative Affect					10	0.886	26.068	10.111	10–50	10–50	0.257	−0.806

Abbreviations: N, number of participants; KMO, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sample Adequacy; BTS, Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity; *p = 0.000; VA, Variance Explained; α, Cronbach’s Alpha; M, Mean; SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 2 Factor Structure of Emotional Intelligence Scale

Item No.	Item	Study 1 (PCA)				Study 2 (EFA)				Study 3 (CFA)
		IS	EE	ER	ES	IS	EE	ER	ES	IS	EE	ER	ES
1	I am happy with my life.	0.771	−0.001	0.072	0.004	0.730	0.143	0.159	−0.023	0.753	0.095	0.138	−0.004
2	I am usually relaxed.	0.793	0.054	0.228	−0.071	0.815	0.166	0.187	0.023	0.785	0.163	0.266	−0.019
3	I can sleep well.	0.770	0.144	0.127	−0.029	0.718	0.017	0.128	−0.014	0.701	0.018	0.135	0.007
4	I consider myself fully capable of expressing my emotions anywhere and anytime.	0.229	0.801	0.008	0.031	0.270	0.783	0.065	0.059	0.265	0.782	0.068	0.053
5	I always want to express my emotions freely.	−0.140	0.760	−0.004	−0.133	−0.019	0.759	−0.051	−0.005	0.040	0.727	−0.093	−0.027
6	I can express my emotions in words.	0.127	0.759	0.057	0.170	0.105	0.741	0.119	0.073	−0.004	0.725	0.237	0.104
7	I can control my mood the way I wish.	0.130	0.112	0.761	0.097	0.162	0.076	0.767	0.196	0.223	0.108	0.757	0.136
8	I can control my anger easily.	0.027	0.000	0.764	0.028	0.057	−0.021	0.834	0.066	0.055	−0.014	0.801	0.073
9	I never get sad because of others.	0.303	−0.046	0.791	−0.069	0.253	0.071	0.761	−0.088	0.218	0.067	0.788	−0.086
10	I can understand the feelings of others the way they feel.	−0.094	0.062	0.143	0.789	−0.049	−0.011	0.139	0.800	−0.016	−0.018	0.113	0.831
11	I can understand the emotions of others around me.	−0.105	−0.080	0.022	0.800	−0.148	0.014	0.094	0.828	−0.107	0.023	0.069	0.836
12	People interact with me comfortably.	0.303	0.163	−0.226	0.748	0.342	0.181	−0.133	0.793	0.338	0.225	−0.171	0.789

Notes: Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis; Rotation Method: Oblimin with Kaiser Normalization; Factor structure is Bold.

Abbreviations: IS, Intrinsic Satisfaction; EE, Emotional Expression; ER, Emotional Regulation; ES, Extrinsic Satisfaction.

Table 3 Communalities, Item-Total and Item-Scale Correlations for Emotional Intelligence Scale

Item	Study 1 (PCA)						Study 2 (EFA)						Study 3 (CFA)
	Ext.	EIS	IS	EE	ER	ES	Ext.	EIS	IS	EE	ER	ES	Ext.	EIS	IS	EE	ER	ES
1	0.600	0.451**	0.738**				0.679	0.563**	0.765**				0.695	0.546**	0.758**
2	0.689	0.555**	0.808**				0.727	0.652**	0.853**				0.714	0.662**	0.840**
3	0.687	0.522**	0.771**				0.632	0.513**	0.769**				0.609	0.514**	0.771**
4	0.696	0.560**		0.837**			0.694	0.624**		0.828**			0.688	0.615**		0.819**
5	0.614	0.294**		0.773**			0.679	0.410**		0.744**			0.640	0.401**		0.731**
6	0.683	0.508**		0.700**			0.680	0.533**		0.753**			0.693	0.526**		0.730**
7	0.618	0.398**			0.774**		0.659	0.586**			0.797**		0.652	0.623**			0.809**
8	0.685	0.446**			0.728**		0.704	0.488**			0.805**		0.651	0.492**			0.782**
9	0.647	0.456**			0.696**		0.692	0.464**			0.659**		0.605	0.467**			0.674**
10	0.655	0.273**				0.741**	0.663	0.287**				0.783**	0.704	0.285**				0.783**
11	0.657	0.128*				0.666**	0.717	0.228**				0.773**	0.715	0.228**				0.753**
12	0.670	0.346**				0.609**	0.619	0.393**				0.695**	0.634	0.355**				0.667**

Notes: **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed); *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Abbreviations: Ext., Extraction; EIS, Item-total correlation with Emotional Intelligence Scale; IS, Item-scale correlation with Intrinsic Satisfaction; EE, Item-scale correlation with Emotional Expression; ER, Item-scale correlation with Emotional Regulation; ES, Item-scale correlation with Extrinsic Satisfaction.

Table 4 The Understudied Correlations

	Intrinsic Satisfaction	Emotional Expressions	Emotional Regulation	Extrinsic Satisfaction	Emotional Intelligence Measure	Social Intelligence Scale	Positive Affect	Negative Affect	Age	Education
Emotional Intelligence Scale	0.726**	0.675**	0.699**	0.401**	0.459**	0.523**	0.406**	−0.332**	0.078*	0.097**
Intrinsic Satisfaction		0.277**	0.392**	0.080*	0.261**	0.358**	0.351**	−0.406**	0.064	0.102**
Emotional Expression			0.172**	0.163**	0.278**	0.251**	0.233**	−0.070*	0.035	0.043
Emotional Regulation				0.119**	0.288**	0.417**	0.285**	−0.286**	0.100**	0.072*
Extrinsic Satisfaction					0.420**	0.340**	0.139**	−0.039	−0.028	0.018
Emotional Intelligence Measure						0.530**	0.292**	−0.269**	0.048	0.047
Social Intelligence Scale							0.321**	−0.285**	−0.018	0.074*
Positive Affect								−0.195**	0.153**	0.074*
Negative Affect									−0.114**	−0.033
Age										0.380**

Notes: **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed); *Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

Table 5 Gender-Based Differences (N = 894)

Variables	Men (n=346)		Women (n=548)		t (892)	p	Cohen’s d
	M	SD	M	SD
Emotional Intelligence	57.526	10.112	53.564	9.627	5.878	0.000	0.404
Intrinsic Satisfaction	15.561	4.103	14.442	4.104	3.972	0.000	0.273
Emotional Expression	12.922	4.479	11.849	4.412	3.522	0.000	0.242
Emotional Regulation	12.116	4.197	10.263	4.222	6.406	0.000	0.440
Extrinsic Satisfaction	16.928	2.626	17.011	2.311	0.497	0.619	–
Social Intelligence	40.384	7.365	37.750	7.068	5.340	0.000	0.367
Positive Affect	31.827	9.067	29.193	9.084	4.225	0.000	0.290
Negative Affect	25.188	10.463	26.624	9.852	2.072	0.039	0.142