A Latent Class Analysis of Intergenerational Relationships Among the Elderly Migrants in Nanjing, China

Figures & data

Figure 1 The flow chart of participation.

Table 1 Study Variables (N=654)

Variable		Mean±SD	N(%)
Sample Characteristics
Gender	Male		216(33.03)
	Female		438(66.97)
Marital status	Married		553(84.56)
	Widowed		90(13.76)
	Divorced		11(1.68)
Education	Illiterate/semiliterate		167(25.54)
	Primary/junior secondary		345(52.75)
	High school and above		142(21.71)
Annual income	<5000 CNY		249(38.07)
	5000–10,000 CNY		126(19.27)
	10,000–40,000 CNY		199(30.43)
	>40,000 CNY		80(12.23)
Subjective health	Good		183(27.98)
	Average		428(65.44)
	Poor		43(6.57)
Parentage	Father and son		157(24.01)
	Mother and son		289(44.19)
	Father and daughter		61(9.33)
	Mother and daughter		143(21.87)
Age(60–86)		66.05±4.67
Number of children		1.79±0.97
Intergenerational Solidarity			%
Geographic proximity(live together)			83.18
Daily contact-meet			73.70
Daily contact-chat			60.09
Parents provided financial support to children			48.93
Children provided financial support to parents			79.20
Parents provided living care to their children			72.63
Children provided living care to parents			48.01
Feeling close			61.16
Having conflict			43.58
Children perceived as very filial			85.17

Table 2 Model Fit for the Potential Categories of Intergenerational Relationships

Model	L^2	df	AIC	BIC	aBIC	Entropy	LRT	BLRT
1	1526.12	1011	7812.94	7857.77	7826.02
2	826.74	1001	7124.04	7218.18	7151.51	0.84	0.00	0.00
3	721.53	990	7041.49	7184.95	7083.35	0.85	0.02	0.00
4	637.67	980	6969.28	7162.05	7025.53	0.85	0.21	0.00
5	585.55	969	6939.16	7181.25	7009.80	0.83	0.16	0.00

Table 3 Conditional Probabilities for Three Types of Models of Intergenerational Relationships in the the Elderly Migrants (N = 654)

Variables	Type I	Type II	Type III
	Tight-Knit	Conflicting	Distant Intimate
Geographic proximity(live together)	0.93***	0.74***	0.50***
Daily contact-meet	0.99***	0.41***	0.09
Daily contact-chat	0.89***	0.09*	0.11
Parents provided financial support to children	0.40***	0.75***	0.45***
Children provided financial support to parents	0.78***	0.90***	0.64***
Parents provided living care to their children	0.91***	0.40***	0.41***
Children provided living care to parents	0.49***	0.51***	0.35***
Feeling close	0.73***	0.27***	0.67***
Having conflict	0.28***	0.96***	0.19
Children perceived as very filial	0.94***	0.57***	0.97***
Latent class probabilities	0.65	0.25	0.10

Notes: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Models Results Predicting Intergenerational Relations Class

Effects	Tight-Knit		Conflicting		Distant Intimate
	β	SE	β	SE	β	SE
Gender-female	1.73**	0.56	−2.65***	0.66	0.35	0.67
Age	0.01	0.02	−0.04	0.03	0.04	0.03
Marital status(ref=married)
Widowed	−0.30	0.28	0.58*	0.29	−0.52	0.46
Divorced	−0.50	0.68	−0.11	0.81	0.75	0.84
Education(ref=illiterate/semiliterate)
Primary/Junior Secondary	0.34	0.23	−0.29	0.25	−0.17	0.35
High school and above	1.03***	0.31	−1.26***	0.37	−0.24	0.44
Annual income(ref=<5000 CNY)
5000–10,000 CNY	−2.03***	0.26	1.98***	0.27	0.68	0.41
10,000–40,000 CNY	−0.75**	0.24	0.40	0.28	0.97**	0.37
>40,000 CNY	−1.15***	0.33	0.76	0.39	1.27**	0.47
Number of children	−0.12	0.10	−0.10	0.11	0.39**	0.13
Subjective health(ref=good)
Average	−0.11	0.21	0.50*	0.24	−0.53	0.29
Poor	−0.83*	0.38	1.01*	0.43	0.11	0.50
Parentage(ref= father and son)
Mother and son	−0.97	0.57	1.85**	0.66	−0.54	0.69
Father and daughter	0.35	0.34	−0.50	0.39	0.17	0.47
Mother and daughter	−0.67	0.61	1.69*	0.71	−0.10	0.76

Notes: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

Table 5 Regression Analysis of Depression and Life Satisfaction Among Chinese the Elderly Migrants

Effects	Depression		Life Satisfaction
	β	SE	β	SE
Gender-female	1.25	0.75	−0.45	0.96
Age	0.43	0.03	0.09*	0.04
Marital status(ref=married)
Widowed	0.63	0.43	−1.31*	0.56
Divorced	2.51*	1.11	−2.62	1.42
Education(ref=illiterate/semiliterate)
Primary/Junior Secondary	−1.01**	0.36	−0.18	0.46
High school and above	−1.61***	0.48	1.39*	0.61
Annual income(ref=<5000 CNY)
5000–10,000 CNY	−0.12	0.43	−0.03	0.56
10,000–40,000 CNY	−0.22	0.37	1.40**	0.48
>40,000 CNY	−0.51	0.54	1.54*	0.68
Number of children	−0.37*	0.16	−0.04	0.20
Subjective health(ref=good)
Average	1.32***	0.33	−1.62***	0.42
Poor	3.27***	0.63	−1.27	0.80
Parentage(ref= father and son)
Mother and son	−0.78	0.76	0.69	0.98
Father and daughter	0.56	0.56	−0.41	0.71
Mother and daughter	−0.96	0.81	−0.59	1.04
Intergenerational relationships(ref= Tight-knit)
Conflicting	2.61***	0.37	−5.07***	0.48
Distant intimate	0.31	0.49	−1.38*	0.63

Notes: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.