The Effect of Critical Thinking on Translation Technology Competence Among College Students: The Chain Mediating Role of Academic Self-Efficacy and Cultural Intelligence

Figures & data

Figure 1 Research model.

Table 1 Basic Description of the Sample

Variable	Category	N	Percent
Gender	Male	73	11.0
	Female	590	89.0
Family Residence	Urban	169	25.5
	Rural	494	74.5
Discipline	English Language and Literature	384	57.9
	Translation	209	31.5
	Business English	70	10.6

Table 2 Factor Loadings of the Items

Item	Factor Loading	p	Item	Factor Loading	p
CT1	0.693	***	CI1	0.707	***
CT2	0.836	***	CI2	0.741	***
CT3	0.799	***	CI3	0.756	***
CT4	0.677	***	CI4	0.722	***
CT5	0.784	***	CI5	0.726	***
CT6	0.721	***	CI6	0.790	***
CT7	0.862	***	CI7	0.855	***
CT8	0.733	***	CI8	0.750	***
CT9	0.835	***	CI9	0.763	***
Item	Factor Loading	p	Item	Factor Loading	p
ASE1	0.830	***	TTC1	0.715	***
ASE2	0.849	***	TTC2	0.675	***
ASE3	0.744	***	TTC3	0.750	***
ASE4	0.861	***	TTC4	0.907	***
ASE5	0.744	***	TTC5	0.644	***
			TTC6	0.753	***

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Table 3 Reliability and Convergent Validity Analysis of the Scale

Variable	Mean	S.D.	Cronbach’s α	CR	AVE	1	2	3	4
1.CT	3.929	0.455	0.926	0.930	0.599	1
2.ASE	3.951	0.515	0.900	0.903	0.652	0.576**	1
3.CI	3.923	0.498	0.922	0.924	0.574	0.611**	0.594**	1
4.TTC	4.315	0.475	0.877	0.881	0.556	0.367**	0.350**	0.365**	1

Note: **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: CT, critical thinking; ASE, academic self-efficacy; CI, cultural intelligence; TTC, translation technology competence.

Table 4 Discriminant Validity of the Scale

Items	CT	ASE	CI	TTC
CT	0.774
ASE	0.617***	0.807
CI	0.648***	0.636***	0.758
TTC	0.381***	0.372***	0.391***	0.745

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Table 5 Results of the Proposed Hypothesis Testing for Direct Effects

Hypothesis	Path	Coefficient	S.E.	C.R.	P-value	Test Results
H1	TTC←CT	0.167	0.057	2.914	0.004	Supported
H2	TTC←ASE	0.149	0.044	2.599	0.009	Supported
H3	TTC←CI	0.188	0.057	3.163	0.002	Supported
H4	ASE←CT	0.617	0.059	13.58	***	Supported
H5	CI←ASE	0.381	0.036	8.412	***	Supported
H6	CI←CT	0.413	0.049	8.746	***	Supported

Note: ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2 Result of the path analysis.

Notes: **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Abbreviations: CT, Critical Thinking; ASE, Academic Self-efficacy; CI, Cultural Intelligence; TTC, Translation Technology Competence.

Table 6 Results of the Proposed Hypothesis Testing for Indirect Effects

Effect	Hypothesis	Model Pathways	Indirect Effect Value	Boot SE	BootLLCI	BootULCI	Effect of the Amount	Test Results
Total indirect effect			0.195	0.040	0.284	0.120	50.78%
Path 1	H7a	CT-ASE-TTC	0.088	0.030	0.032	0.149	22.92%	Supported
Path 2	H7b	CT-CI-TTC	0.070	0.024	0.030	0.125	18.23%	Supported
Path 3	H8	CT- ASE-CI-TTC	0.036	0.014	0.013	0.068	9.38%	Supported

Data Sharing Statement

The dataset supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available from the corresponding author upon request.