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ORIGINAL RESEARCH

Emotional and Behavioral Changes in Preschool Firstborn Children During Transition to Siblinghood: A Mixed Methods Study

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Pages 2029-2044 | Received 09 Mar 2023, Accepted 31 May 2023, Published online: 03 Jun 2023

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study framework.

Figure 1 Study framework.

Table 1 Comparison of Basic Characteristics of Firstborn Children at Baseline, 1st Follow-Up, and 2nd Follow-Up After the Birth of a Second Child

Figure 2 Changes in emotional and behavioral problem scores in firstborn children at baseline, 1st follow-up, and 2nd follow-up.

Notes: *The significant level is less than 0.05. (A) Emotionally reactivity; (B) Anxious/depressed; (C) Somatic complaints; (D) Withdrawn; (E) Sleep problems; (F) Attention problems; (G) Aggressive behavior; (H) Internalizing problems; (I) Externalizing problems; (J) Total problems.
Figure 2 Changes in emotional and behavioral problem scores in firstborn children at baseline, 1st follow-up, and 2nd follow-up.

Table 2 Model Fit Indicators and Average Posterior Probability with Two Through Four Classes

Figure 3 Changes in total problems scores across three groups.

Figure 3 Changes in total problems scores across three groups.

Table 3 Comparison of Basic Information Between Groups with Different Changes in Scores of Emotional and Behavioral Problems

Figure 4 Emotional changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Notes:
: Positive change;
: Negative change.
Figure 4 Emotional changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Figure 5 Behavioral changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Notes:
: Positive change;
: Negative change.
Figure 5 Behavioral changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Figure 6 Factors influencing emotional and behavioral changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Figure 6 Factors influencing emotional and behavioral changes of firstborn children during TTS by mother’s description.

Figure 7 Treatment measures and effects of firstborn children’s bad emotional and behavioral problems during TTS by mother’s description.

Figure 7 Treatment measures and effects of firstborn children’s bad emotional and behavioral problems during TTS by mother’s description.