Teachers Who are Stuck in Time: Development and Validation of Teachers’ Time Poverty Scale

Figures & data

Table 1 Correlations of Twelve Items and Communalities

	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	Q5	Q6	Q7	Q8	Q9	Q10	Q11	Communalities
Q1												0.693
Q2	0.768**											0.788
Q3	0.671**	0.752**										0.823
Q4	0.535**	0.595**	0.666**									0.729
Q5	0.468**	0.549**	0.628**	0.565**								0.753
Q6	0.663**	0.721**	0.690**	0.591**	0.644**							0.828
Q7	0.497**	0.587**	0.636**	0.546**	0.589**	0.655**						0.843
Q8	0.526**	0.597**	0.627**	0.560**	0.623**	0.637**	0.860**					0.843
Q9	0.469**	0.565**	0.576**	0.549**	0.556**	0.611**	0.680**	0.706**				0.769
Q10	0.465**	0.580**	0.618**	0.555**	0.595**	0.612**	0.688**	0.684**	0.677**			0.836
Q11	0.425**	0.523**	0.577**	0.497**	0.540**	0.600**	0.604**	0.590**	0.609**	0.757**		0.797
Q12	0.447**	0.557**	0.600**	0.522**	0.543**	0.574**	0.597**	0.619**	0.585**	0.659**	0.730**	0.793

Notes: **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Figure 1 Confirmatory factor analysis.

Note: All standardized coefficients (β) are significant, p < 0.001.

Table 2 Teachers’ Time Poverty Scale

The seven items measure your attitudes toward your time. Please read each item carefully and are rated using a 1- to 5-point Likert scale in which 1 = strongly disagree, 2 = disagree, 3 = generally, 4 = agree, and 5 = strongly agree.
1. I feel that my time is very fragmented.
2. There is no autonomy in the allocation of my time.
3. I often feel that I do not have enough time at work.
4. I feel that I do not have enough time to improve my skills.
5. I feel that my teaching hours are often taken up by transactional work.
6. I feel that I do not have enough time to share family responsibilities.
7. I feel that I do not have enough time with my friends.

Table 3 Correlations of Seven Items

	T1	T2	T3	T4	T5	T6	T7
T2	0.565**
T3	0.591**	0.644**
T4	0.560**	0.623**	0.637**
T5	0.549**	0.556**	0.611**	0.706**
T6	0.555**	0.595**	0.612**	0.684**	0.677**
T7	0.522**	0.543**	0.574**	0.619**	0.585**	0.659**

Note: **Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

Table 4 Means, Standard Deviations and Communalities

Item	Mean	SD	Skewness	Kurtosis	Communalities
T1	3.50	1.090	−0.422	−0.428	0.574
T2	3.09	1.057	−0.012	−0.467	0.631
T3	3.50	1.018	−0.410	−0.187	0.674
T4	3.37	1.061	−0.322	−0.478	0.727
T5	3.65	1.101	−0.527	−0.429	0.683
T6	3.52	1.034	−0.398	−0.203	0.712
T7	3.49	0.982	−0.301	−0.180	0.624

Note: Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.