Influencing Factors of Treatment Outcomes Among Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Structural Equation Model Approach

Figures & data

Figure 1 Location of the Fenghua county in Ningbo Municipality.

Figure 2 Flow chart of the included PTB patients in the study.

Table 1 General Characteristics of the Study Participants (N = 251)

Variables	No. of Participants	Percentage (%)
Age
≤35	81	32.3
>35	170	67.7
Sex
Male	175	69.7
Female	76	30.3
Marital status
Married	185	73.7
Unmarried	44	17.5
Divorced	12	4.8
Widowed	10	4.0
Occupation
Agricultural labour	40	15.9
Worker	100	39.8
Business service personnel	17	6.8
Medical Staff	2	0.8
Educators	2	0.8
Public institution and government staff	7	2.8
Transportation personnel	5	2.0
Not working	29	11.6
Others	49	19.5
Education level
Illiterate	12	4.8
Primary school	84	33.5
Junior high school	90	35.9
Senior high school	48	19.1
College school and above	17	6.8
Monthly income (RMB)
<2,000	52	20.7
2,000–4,000	84	33.5
4,000–6,000	93	37.1
6,000–8,000	10	4.0
>8,000	12	4.8
Annual incomeof the family (RMB)
<30,000	24	9.6
30,000–60,000	59	23.5
60,000–90,000	70	27.9
90,000–120,000	56	22.3
120,000–150,000	19	7.6
150,000–180,000	14	5.6
>180,000	9	3.6
Duration of residence
<6 months	12	4.8
≥6 months	239	95.2
Anxiety scale scores
<50	236	94.0
50–59	8	3.2
60–69	7	2.8
Depression scale scores
≤15	13	5.2
16–19	1	0.4
≥20	237	94.4
Treatment outcome
Completion of the treatment course	129	44.2
Cured	111	51.4
Others	11	4.4

Table 2 The Component Matrix After Rotation*

Variables	Common Factor 1	Common Factor 2	Common Factor 3	Common Factor 4
Monthly income	0.829
Annual income	0.756
Education	0.729
Occupation	0.591
Regular sputum examination		0.945
Regular Chest radiography		0.938
Depression symptoms			0.876
Anxiety symptoms			0.831
Understanding of PTB transmission				0.738
Understanding of PTB symptoms				0.691
Understanding PTB treatments				0.688

Notes: *Extraction method, principal components; Rotation method, Kaiser’s normalisation maximum variance method.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 3 Reliability Tests of four Dimensions*

Dimensions	Number of Index Questions	Cronbach’s α
Population characteristics	4	0.718
Psychological characteristics	2	0.713
PTB understanding level	3	0.530
PTB detection behaviour	2	0.898

Abbreviation: *PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 4 Test Results of Path Relationship^†

Model Paths			Unstandardized Estimates	Standardized Estimates	SE	CR	P
Psychological characteristics	<---	Demographic characteristics	−11.680	−0.404	2.920	−4.001	***
PTB understanding level	<---	Demographic characteristics	−0.012	−0.013	0.085	−0.143	0.886
PTB detection behaviour	<---	Psychological characteristics	−0.001	−0.127	0.001	−1.861	*
PTB detection behaviour	<---	PTB understanding level	0.075	0.261	0.030	2.498	**
Treatment outcome	<---	PTB detection behaviour	1.442	0.204	0.401	3.592	***

Notes: *** P < 0.001; ** P < 0.05; *P < 0.1.

Abbreviations: ^†SE, standard error; CR, critical ratio; PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 5 Fit Indices of the Structural Equation Model*

Fit Index	x^2/df	P	df	SRMR	GFI	AGFI	IFI	RMSEA	CFI	TLI
Reference value	1-3	—	—	<0.080	>0.900	>0.900	>0.900	<0.080	>0.900	>0.900
Correction value	1.068	0.346	50	0.044	0.965	0.945	0.995	0.016	0.995	0.994

Abbreviations: *Df, degrees of freedom; SRMR, standardised root mean squared residual; GFI, goodness-of-fit index; AGFI, adjusted goodness-of-fit index; IFI, incremental fit index; RMSEA, root mean square error of approximation; CFI, comparative fit index; TLI, Tucker-Lewis index.

Figure 3 Structural equation model for treatment outcomes.