Linking Career Exploration, Self-Reflection, Career Calling, Career Adaptability and Subjective Well-Being: A Self-Regulation Theory Perspective

Figures & data

Figure 1 Theoretical framework.

Table 1 Sample Description and Demographic Characteristics (N=1077)

Background Characteristics		N	(%)
Gender	1=male	243	22.6
	2=female	834	77.4
Age	1=under 18	110	10.2
	2=between 19 and 20	638	59.2
	3=21 and above	329	30.6
Major	1=science	61	5.7
	2=Management	5	0.5
	3=Economics	169	15.7
	4=Engineering	115	10.7
	5=Law	6	0.6
	6=Education	30	2.8
	7=Literature	3	0.3
	8=History	688	63.9
Grade	1=freshmen	491	45.6
	2=sophomores	250	23.2
	3=juniors	307	28.5
	4=seniors	29	2.7
Parents level of education	1=Junior high school and below	648	60.2
	2=High school or technical secondary school	269	25
	3=junior college	81	7.5
	4=Undergraduate	74	6.9
	5=postgraduate or above	5	0.5
Parent occupation type	1=freelance	868	80.6
	2=enterprise	126	11.7
	3=government or public institution	83	7.7

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Analysis

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11
1=Gender	1
2=Age	−0.03	1
3=Grade	0.00	0.68**	1
4=Major	0.11**	0.13**	0.16**	1
5=Parents level of education	−0.03	−0.02	0.06	−0.03	1
6=Parent occupation type	0.00	−0.05	0.03	−0.04	0.54**	1
7=Career exploration	−0.09**	−0.01	0.04	−0.05	0.08*	0.08*	1
8=Career adaptability	−0.04	0.00	0.05	−0.02	0.00	0.04	0.49**	1
9=Self-reflection	−0.03	−0.02	0.01	−0.04	−0.01	0.01	0.36**	0.54**	1
10=Career calling	−0.01	0.02	0.06	−0.11**	0.03	0.04	0.36**	0.51**	0.52**	1
11=Subjective well-being	−0.12**	−0.08*	−0.09**	−0.03	0.07*	0.02	0.30**	0.23**	0.24**	0.29**	1
Mean	1.77	2.22	1.88	6.29	1.62	1.27	3.05	3.88	3.55	3.62	4.00
SD	0.42	0.63	0.91	2.42	0.92	0.59	0.67	0.64	0.68	0.62	1.04

Notes: N = 1077. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.

Table 3 Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Model	χ^2/Df	IFI	TLI	CFI	RMSEA
1. Benchmark Model (CE, SR, CC, CA, SWB)	2.92	0.95	0.94	0.95	0.04
2. Four factor model (CE+SR, CC, CA, SWB)	4.26	0.91	0.90	0.91	0.06
3. Three factor model (CE+SR+CC, CA, SWB)	5.42	0.87	0.86	0.87	0.06
4. Two factor model (CE+SR+CC, CA+ SWB)	6.83	0.83	0.82	0.83	0.07
5. One factor model (CE+SR+CC+CA+ SWB)	8.28	0.79	0.77	0.79	0.08

Abbreviations: CE, career exploration; SR, self-reflection; CC, career calling; CA, career adaptability; SWB, subjective well-being.

Figure 2 The meditation model with standardized coefficients. *p<0.05, ***p<0.001.