The Effect of Teacher Discrimination Behavior on Adolescent Suicidal Ideation: A Cross-Sectional Survey

Figures & data

Figure 1 Hypothetical model of the research framework.

Abbreviations: TDB, Teacher Discrimination Behavior; TPF, Teacher Preference; TPJ, Teacher Prejudice; PBV, Peer Bullying Victimization; AD, Anxiety Disorder; SI, Suicidal Ideation.

Table 1 Reliability and Validity of the Scales

Variables		Item	Parameter Significance Estimates				Reliability of Questions	Combined Reliability	Convergent Validity
			Estimate	S.E.	Z	P	R-square	CR	AVE
TDP	TPF	tpf1	0.788	0.005	165.636	<0.001	0.621	0.959	0.721
		tpf2	0.774	0.006	138.139	<0.001	0.599
		tpf3	0.896	0.003	300.596	<0.001	0.802
		tpf4	0.902	0.004	245.187	<0.001	0.814
		tpf5	0.848	0.004	209.155	<0.001	0.720
		tpf6	0.794	0.005	156.779	<0.001	0.631
		tpf7	0.905	0.003	342.479	<0.001	0.819
		tpf8	0.850	0.004	200.045	<0.001	0.722
		tpf9	0.874	0.004	234.562	<0.001	0.763
	TPJ	tpj1	0.765	0.005	148.742	<0.001	0.586	0.976	0.820
		tpj2	0.791	0.004	185.177	<0.001	0.625
		tpj3	0.899	0.004	230.077	<0.001	0.808
		tpj4	0.925	0.003	356.928	<0.001	0.856
		tpj5	0.932	0.003	296.715	<0.001	0.869
		tpj6	0.959	0.002	502.763	<0.001	0.920
		tpj7	0.940	0.003	339.576	<0.001	0.883
		tpj8	0.961	0.003	328.461	<0.001	0.923
		tpj9	0.953	0.003	318.205	<0.001	0.909
PBV	VB	vb1	0.824	0.007	118.927	<0.001	0.679	0.890	0.669
		vb2	0.838	0.007	117.206	<0.001	0.693
		vb3	0.793	0.009	92.891	<0.001	0.606
		vb4	0.817	0.007	115.233	<0.001	0.703
	PB	pb1	0.832	0.008	106.293	<0.001	0.680	0.910	0.717
		pb2	0.824	0.009	93.057	<0.001	0.731
		pb3	0.853	0.007	114.522	<0.001	0.628
		pb4	0.876	0.007	121.283	<0.001	0.727
	SB	sb1	0.778	0.008	98.554	<0.001	0.750	0.903	0.700
		sb2	0.855	0.006	133.577	<0.001	0.667
		sb3	0.866	0.007	131.632	<0.001	0.767
		sb4	0.844	0.007	120.391	<0.001	0.713
AD	—	ad1	0.852	0.004	209.229	<0.001	0.726	0.955	0.753
		ad2	0.907	0.003	333.358	<0.001	0.822
		ad3	0.886	0.003	295.816	<0.001	0.785
		ad4	0.896	0.003	324.778	<0.001	0.803
		ad5	0.840	0.004	206.996	<0.001	0.706
		ad6	0.857	0.004	224.164	<0.001	0.735
		ad7	0.835	0.004	211.386	<0.001	0.697
SI	ASI	asi1	0.710	0.009	79.752	<0.001	0.505	0.865	0.518
		asi2	0.709	0.009	75.648	<0.001	0.502
		asi3	0.654	0.009	72.831	<0.001	0.431
		asi4	0.773	0.006	130.707	<0.001	0.501
		asi5	0.672	0.009	76.011	<0.001	0.753
		asi6	0.792	0.007	113.764	<0.001	0.428
	NSI	nsi1	0.657	0.008	81.000	<0.001	0.780	0.946	0.688
		nsi2	0.707	0.008	89.135	<0.001	0.783
		nsi3	0.868	0.005	167.772	<0.001	0.598
		nsi4	0.883	0.005	167.708	<0.001	0.751
		nsi5	0.885	0.005	175.034	<0.001	0.735
		nsi6	0.867	0.005	167.308	<0.001	0.771
		nsi7	0.857	0.006	145.112	<0.001	0.452
		nsi8	0.878	0.005	168.931	<0.001	0.628

Abbreviations: TDB, Teacher Discrimination Behavior; TPF, Teacher Preference; TPJ, Teacher Prejudice; PBV, Peer Bullying Victimization; VB, Verbal Bullying; PB, Physical Bullying; SB, Social Relationship Bullying; AD, Anxiety Disorder; SI, Suicidal Ideation; PSI, Positive Suicidal Ideation; NSI, Negative Suicidal Ideation.

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics Variables of the Sample (n=21,017)

Variable	n	%	Mean	SD
Control variable
Gender
Male	10,028	47.71%
Female	10,989	52.29%
Age
12	6516	31.00%
13	5676	27.01%
14	5254	25.00%
15	3571	16.99%
Grade
7	7354	34.99%
8	7149	34.02%
9	6514	30.99%
Location
Urban	12,391	58.96%
Rural	8626	41.04%
Living expenses
<100	2858	13.60%
100~300	8176	38.90%
301~500	6809	32.40%
>500	3174	15.10%
Independent variable
Teacher preference [9–63]			37.918	10.243
Teacher prejudice [9–63]			31.083	11.208
Mediating variable
Peer bullying victimization [0–48]			15.542	8.191
Verbal bullying [0–16]			5.443	3.058
Physical bullying [0–16]			4.926	2.732
Social relationship bullying [0–16]			5.174	2.847
Anxiety disorder [0–28]			14.251	7.504
Dependent variable
Suicidal ideation [0–56]			26.003	9.035
Positive suicidal ideation [0–24]			13.996	4.736
Negative suicidal ideation [0–32]			12.006	6.363

Note: [ ]:The range of a single item, Mean: Mean value.

Abbreviation: SD, Standard Deviation.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis Results

	TPF	TPJ	PBV	AD	SI
TPF	1
TPJ	−0.377***	1
PBV	−0.204***	0.242***	1
AD	−0.314***	0.306***	0.370***	1
SI	−0.353***	0.386***	0.500***	0.527***	1
Mean	37.918	31.083	15.542	14.251	26.003
SD	10.243	11.208	8.191	7.504	9.035

Note: ***P <0.001.

Abbreviations: TDB, Teacher Discrimination Behavior; TPF, Teacher Preference; TPJ, Teacher Prejudice; PBV, Peer Bullying Victimization; AD, Anxiety Disorder; SI, Suicidal Ideation.

Table 4 Model Fit Indexes

Model Indicators	Suggested Value	Actual Value	Meet or Not
CFI	>0.90	0.907	YES
TLI	>0.90	0.902	YES
RMSEA	<0.08	0.065	YES
SRMR	<0.08	0.051	YES

Table 5 Intermediation Effects Test

Paths		Parameter Significance Estimation				Bootstrap1000 Times 95% CI
						Bias corrected		Percentile
		Estimate	SE	Z	P	Lower	Upper	Lower	Upper
TPF→SI	PBV	−0.022	0.002	−10.172	<0.001	−0.026	−0.018	−0.026	−0.018
	AD	−0.037	0.002	−16.403	<0.001	−0.041	−0.032	−0.041	−0.032
	PBV→AD	−0.007	0.001	−9.265	<0.001	−0.008	−0.005	−0.008	−0.005
	DE	−0.084	0.006	−13.204	<0.001	−0.095	−0.071	−0.096	−0.071
	TIE	−0.065	0.003	−18.763	<0.001	−0.073	−0.059	−0.073	−0.059
	TE	−0.149	0.008	−19.237	<0.001	−0.164	−0.134	−0.164	−0.134
TPJ→SI	PBV	0.030	0.002	13.493	<0.001	0.026	0.035	0.026	0.035
	AD	0.025	0.002	12.939	<0.001	0.021	0.029	0.021	0.028
	PBV→AD	0.009	0.001	12.703	<0.001	0.008	0.011	0.008	0.011
	DE	0.075	0.004	18.739	<0.001	0.068	0.084	0.067	0.083
	TIE	0.065	0.003	19.183	<0.001	0.058	0.071	0.058	0.071
	TE	0.140	0.005	27.502	<0.001	0.129	0.149	0.130	0.149

Figure 2 Structural equation modeling of the effect of teacher preference and teacher prejudice on adolescent suicidal ideation.

Note: ***P <0.001.

Abbreviations: TDB, Teacher Discrimination Behavior; TPF, Teacher Preference; TPJ, Teacher Prejudice; PBV, Peer Bullying Victimization; VB, Verbal Bullying; PB, Physical Bullying; SB, Social Relationship Bullying; AD, Anxiety Disorder; SI, Suicidal Ideation; PSI, Positive Suicidal Ideation; NSI, Negative Suicidal Ideation.

Data Sharing Statement

The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.