Mediating Role of Emotional Intelligence in the Relationship Between Resilience and Academic Engagement in Adolescents: Differences Between Men and Women

Figures & data

Figure 1 Hypothesized Mediation Model.

Table 1 Bivariate Correlation Matrix and Descriptive Data (N = 802)

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
1. Resilience	̶
2. F. Behavioral	0.29	̶
3. F. Cognitive	0.27	0.56	̶
4. F. Emotional	0.34	0.63	0.60	̶
5. Emotional Intelligence Total	0.55	0.44	0.44	0.50	̶
6. Intrapersonal Perception	0.52	0.43	0.43	0.47	0.87	̶
7. Interpersonal Perception	0.51	0.33	0.36	0.41	0.89	0.75	̶
8. Emotional Assimilation	0.44	0.40	0.40	0.45	0.86	0.61	0.68	̶
9. Emotional Regulation	0.47	0.40	0.37	0.43	0.90	0.70	0.72	0.73	̶
Media	25.42	3.10	2.66	2.76	4.85	5.06	4.73	4.55	5.04
SD	7.33	0.55	0.75	0.66	0.98	1.04	1.14	1.16	1.12

Notes: All correlations with significance level p < 0.001.

Table 2 Resilience, Academic Engagement and Emotional Intelligence. Descriptive and t-Test by Sex (N = 802)

	Sex						t	p	d
	Male			Female
	N	Media	SD	N	Media	SD
Resilience	396	26.75	7.31	406	24.12	7.12	5.17 ***	0.000	0.36
F. Behavioral	396	3.08	0.55	406	3.12	0.55	−1.17	0.244	−0.08
F. Cognitive	396	2.62	0.75	406	2.70	0.74	−1.52	0.129	−0.11
F. Emotional	396	2.77	0.71	406	2.76	0.61	0.14	0.888	0.01
Emotional Intelligence Total	396	4.97	0.96	406	4.72	0.99	3.61 ***	0.000	0.26
Intrapersonal Perception	396	5.14	1.02	406	4.98	1.06	2.16 *	0.031	0.15
Interpersonal Perception	396	4.88	1.16	406	4.59	1.09	3.57 ***	0.000	0.25
Emotional Assimilation	396	4.70	1.14	406	4.41	1.16	3.52 ***	0.000	0.25
Emotional Regulation	396	5.18	1.07	406	4.90	1.15	3.50 ***	0.000	0.25

Notes: ***p < 0.001; *p < 0.05.

Table 3 Mediation Estimates. Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Behavioral Factor of Academic Engagement

Effect	Estimate	SE	95% CI		p	Standardized Estimates
			Lower	Upper
Indirect	0.016	0.001	0.013	0.020	< 0.001	0.222
Direct	0.004	0.002	−0.001	0.010	0.086	0.065
Total	0.021	0.002	0.016	0.026	< 0.001	0.287

Figure 2 Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Behavioral Factor of Academic Engagement.

Notes: a = Direct effect of X on M; b = Direct effect of M on Y₁; c’ = Direct effect of X on Y₁; c = Total effect of X on Y₁. Indirect effect of X on Y₁ through (M) β = 0.22, SE = 0.025, 95% CI (0.173, 0.272). Standardized coefficients are presented. * p < 0.05; *** p < 0.001.

Table 4 Mediation Estimates. Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Cognitive Factor of Academic Engagement

Effect	Estimate	SE	95% CI		p	Standardized Estimates
			Lower	Upper
Indirect	0.023	0.002	0.018	0.029	< 0.001	0.233
Direct	0.003	0.003	−0.004	0.011	0.349	0.035
Total	0.027	0.003	0.020	0.034	< 0.001	0.268

Figure 3 Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Cognitive Factor of Academic Engagement.

Notes: a = Direct effect of X on M; b = Direct effect of M on Y₂; c’ = Direct effect of X on Y₂; c = Total effect of X on Y₂. Indirect effect of X on Y₂ through (M) β = 0.23, SE = 0.025, 95% CI (0.185, 0.282). Standardized coefficients are presented. *** p < 0.001.

Table 5 Mediation Estimates. Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Emotional Factor of Academic Engagement

Effect	Estimate	SE	95% CI		p	Standardized Estimates
			Lower	Upper
Indirect	0.021	0.002	0.017	0.026	< 0.001	0.243
Direct	0.009	0.003	0.002	0.015	0.006	0.099
Total	0.030	0.003	0.025	0.036	< 0.001	0.342

Figure 4 Simple Mediation Model of Emotional Intelligence on the Relationship Between Resilience and the Emotional Factor of Academic Engagement.

Notes: a = Direct effect of X on M; b = Direct effect of M on Y₃; c’ = Direct effect of X on Y₃; c = Total effect of X on Y₃. Indirect effect of X on Y₃ through (M) β = 0.24, SE = 0.023, 95% CI (0.199, 0.289). Standardized coefficients are presented. *** p < 0.001.