Parental Attachment and Proactive-Reactive Aggression in Adolescence: The Mediating Role of Self-Control and Perspective Taking

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of Sex Difference

Variables	Girl (N = 1602)		Boy (N = 1380)		t	p
	M	SD	M	SD
Mother attachment	3.77	0.65	3.67	0.60	3.92	< 0.001
Father attachment	3.70	0.67	3.60	0.65	4.46	< 0.001
Self-control	2.68	0.56	2.70	0.59	−1.23	> 0.05
Perspectives taking	3.57	0.72	3.45	0.75	4.47	< 0.001
Proactive aggression	0.04	0.10	0.10	0.22	−10.16	< 0.001
Reactive aggression	0.59	0.32	0.62	0.35	−2.11	< 0.05

Abbreviations: N, number; SD, standard deviation.

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Among Variables (N = 2982)

Variables	M	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9
Income	3.22	1.06	–
Mother education	1.61	0.79	0.19**	–
Father education	1.93	0.83	0.21**	0.51**	–
Mother attachment	3.72	0.63	0.06**	0.09**	0.08**
Father attachment	3.66	0.66	0.08**	0.06**	0.07**	0.67**	–
Self-control	2.69	0.57	−0.01	0.01	−0.01	0.32**	0.34**	-
Perspectives taking	3.52	0.74	−0.01	0.02	0.03	0.22**	0.20**	0.25**	-
Proactive aggression	0.07	0.17	−0.04	0.02	0.02	−0.19**	−0.18**	−0.11**	−0.14**	-
Reactive aggression	0.60	0.33	−0.01	−0.01	−0.03	−0.23**	−0.25**	−0.40**	−0.24**	0.37**	-

Note: **p < 0.01.

Abbreviations: N, number; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 The model with standardized estimates is presented. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.

Figure 2 Second model with standardized estimates is presented. **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.