Mechanisms from Academic Stress to Subjective Well-Being of Chinese Adolescents: The Roles of Academic Burnout and Internet Addiction

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Information of Participants (N=1043)

	Frequency	Percent (%)
Gender
Male	533	51.1
Female	510	48.9
Age	M=14.98	SD=1.548
Grade
Seventh	234	22.4
Eighth	232	22.2
Ninth	215	20.6
Tenth	141	13.5
Eleventh	109	10.5
Twelfth	112	10.7
Birthplace
Rural	508	48.7
Urban	535	51.3
Father’s education level
Below primary school	28	2.7
Primary school graduation	82	7.9
Junior high school graduation	366	35.1
Senior high school graduation	294	28.2
Vocational or technical school graduation	126	12.1
Junior college graduation	100	9.6
College or higher	47	4.5
Mother’s education level
Below primary school	71	6.8
Primary school graduation	122	11.7
Junior high school graduation	410	39.3
Senior high school graduation	233	22.3
Vocational or technical school graduation	77	7.4
Junior college graduation	88	8.4
College or higher	42	4.0
Father’s occupation
Leaders/cadres of government agencies	11	1.1
Leaders/cadres of institutions and companies	123	11.8
Private entrepreneur	70	6.7
Professional and technical staff	74	7.1
General staff/clerical staff	97	9.3
Self-employed people	124	11.9
Business and service workers	72	6.9
Blue-collar workers	377	36.1
Farmers/herdsmen/fishermen	73	7.0
Retired/unemployed/unemployed/laid-off	22	2.1
Mother’s occupation
Leaders/cadres of government agencies	10	1.0
Leaders/cadres of institutions and companies	66	6.3
Private entrepreneur	30	2.9
Professional and technical staff	78	7.5
General staff/clerical staff	130	12.5
Self-employed people	118	11.3
Business and service workers	167	16.0
Blue-collar workers	213	20.4
Farmers/herdsmen/fishermen	65	6.2
Retired/unemployed/unemployed/laid-off	166	15.9
Father’s income (RMB/month)
≤999	30	2.9
1000–1999	56	5.4
2000–2999	106	10.2
3000–3999	151	14.5
4000–4999	159	15.2
5000–5999	175	16.8
6000–6999	129	12.4
≥7000	237	22.7
Mother’s income (RMB/month)
≤999	131	12.6
1000–1999	94	9.0
2000–2999	180	17.3
3000–3999	258	24.7
4000–4999	146	14.0
5000–5999	103	9.9
6000–6999	59	5.7
≥7000	72	6.9

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics and Bivariate Correlations for Key Variables

	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4
1	3.251	0.803	1
2	2.922	1.085	0.565**	1
3	2.779	0.922	0.439**	0.455**	1
4	3.807	0.918	−0.349**	−0.461**	−0.311**	1

Notes: 1, Academic stress; 2, Academic burnout; 3, Internet addiction; 4, Subjective well-being. **p<0.01.

Table 3 Standardized Factor Loadings of Observed Variables on Latent Construct

Latent Construct	Observed Variable	Factor Loading
Academic stress	Pressure from study	0.751
	Workload	0.649
	Worry about grades	0.537
	Self-expectation	0.695
	Despondency	0.859
Academic burnout	Exhaustion at schoolwork	0.715
	Cynicism toward the meaning of school	0.836
	Sense of inadequacy at school	0.831
Internet addiction	Loss of control	0.853
	Preoccupation	0.890
	Withdrawal symptoms	0.679
	Coping	0.642
	Conflict	0.645

Figure 1 The structural model.

Notes: ***p<0.001, **p<0.01, *p<0.05.