Brief Mindfulness Training Mitigates College Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction: The Mediating Effect of the Sense of Meaning in Life

Figures & data

Table 1 Analysis of Differences in Demographics (X±s) of the Two Groups of Subjects

Variable	Mindfulness Training Group (n=22)	Control Group (n=22)	t	p
Gender	1.59±0.50	1.82±0.39	−1.67	0.103
Age	18.64±0.95	17.82±1.84	0.61	0.071

Table 2 Scores of the Two Groups in the Subscales (X±s) and Pretest-Posttest Comparison

Variable	Mindfulness Training Group (n=22)		Control Group (n=22)		Pretest-Posttest Comparison
	Pretest	Posttest	Pretest	Posttest	t	p
FMI	35.2±6.3	37.7±7.8	40.3±5.2	38.3±5.6	−2.94	0.740
Withdrawal symptom	16.8±5.1	13.6±4.4	16.2±4.9	16.0±5.9	0.39	0.929
Salient behavior	9.2±3.9	8.5±3.3	9.0±2.8	9.5±3.6	0.13	0.152
Social comfort	8.9±3.7	7.2±3.1	8.5±3.1	8.5±2.8	0.36	0.401
Mood change	7.9±3.3	6.5±2.4	7.1±2.8	7.3±2.6	0.84	0.414
MPATS	42.7±12.7	35.8±11.1	40.9±11.2	41.3±13.2	0.52	0.463
Experience of meaning in life	22.95±3.82	29.14±2.80	23.64±3.36	24.14±2.96	−0.63	0.533
Pursuit of meaning in life	26.32±5.91	29.68±2.66	25.23±5.14	25.59±5.52	0.65	0.157
C-MLQ	49.27±8.85	58.82±5.22	48.86±7.43	49.73±7.56	0.17	0.869

Table 3 Results of Repeated Measures ANOVA of the Subscale of the Two Groups

Variable	Within the Main Body						Between the Main Bodies
	Time			Time × Group			F	p	Partial η^2
	F	p	Partial η^2	F	p	Partial η^2
FMI	0.08	0.775	0.002	6.68	0.013	0.137	2.89	0.097	0.064
Withdrawal symptom	9.54	0.004	0.185	7.16	0.011	0.146	0.38	0.541	0.009
Salient behavior	0.23	0.633	0.005	2.96	0.093	0.066	0.19	0.662	0.005
Social comfort	8.15	0.007	0.163	9.08	0.004	0.178	0.30	0.587	0.007
Mood change	4.78	0.035	0.102	9.36	0.004	0.182	0.00	0.978	0.000
MPATS	8.54	0.006	0.169	11.10	0.002	0.209	0.28	0.599	0.007
Experience of meaning in life	54.46	<0.001	0.565	39.38	<0.001	0.484	6.12	0.017	0.127
Pursuit of meaning in life	9.19	0.004	0.180	5.96	0.019	0.124	3.59	0.065	0.079
C-MLQ	30.79	<0.001	0.423	21.42	<0.001	0.338	5.54	0.023	0.116

Figure 1 FMI scores of two groups in pre- and post- intervention.

Figure 2 MPATS scores of two groups in pre- and post- intervention.

Figure 3 C-MLQ scores of two groups in pre- and post- intervention.

Table 4 Analysis of the Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life

Dependent Variable: MPATS Posttest	coeff/Effect	boot se	95% CI Lower Limit	95% CI Upper Limit
Independent variables:
Gender	−0.33	2.38	−5.140	4.474
Age	−1.69	0.73	−3.172	−0.208
MPATS pretest	0.83	0.09	0.652	1.011
Change in C-MLQ	−0.60	0.16	−0.929	−0.281
Direct effect	1.30	2.25	−3.254	5.861
Indirect effect	4.48	2.46	0.537	11.630
Total effect	5.79	2.21	1.308	10.266

Notes: For group category, 1=mindfulness training group, 2=control group; the Bootstrap result is specified to three decimal places.