Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version of the Binge Eating Scale in Young Adults

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristics and Scale Scores of the Sample (n=2182)

Variables	Mean or Number	SD or %	Range	Skewness	Kurtosis
Age, years	19.06	1.03	18–25	1.035	1.099
Gender, Female	1383	63.4	–	–	–
Years of education	14.27	1.06	13–16	0.254	1.179
Ethnicity, Hans	1262	57.8	–	–	–
Home locality, Urban	1410	64.6	–	–	–
Smoking status, no	2083	95.5	–	–	–
Drinking status, no	1533	70.3	–	–	–
Body Mass Index, kg/m^2	20.81	2.76	17.16–38.76	1.941	2.669
Underweight (< 18.5)	332	15.2	–	–	–
Normal weight (18.5–24.9)	1701	78.0	–	–	–
Overweight (25.0–29.9)	115	5.3	–	–	–
Obese (≧ 30.0)	34	1.6	–	–	–
Weekly frequency of binge-eating episodes	0.58	1.57	0–12	3.713	2.476
No binge-eating (0)	1750	80.2	–	–	–
Mild (1–3 episodes)	310	14.2	–	–	–
Moderate (4–7 episodes)	87	4.0	–	–	–
Severe (8–13 episodes)	35	1.6	–	–	–
Extreme (≧14 episodes)	0	0	–	–	–
SCBES scores	8.98	6.40	0–42	1.026	0.756
No binge-eating (0–17)	1928	88.4	–	–	–
Moderate BE (18–26)	216	9.9	–	–	–
Severe BE (27–46)	38	1.7	–	–	–
BEDS-7 scores	3.22	2.96	0–17	1.721	2.024
SDS scores	27.43	9.09	20–56	1.248	0.464
GAD-7 scores	14.64	4.35	0–21	0.214	0.420
DMSC scores
Impulsivity trait	17.39	6.94	12–47	1.527	1.575
Self-control trait	14.58	7.87	9–41	1.650	1.577

Abbreviations: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES; BE, Binge-eating problems; BEDS-7, The 7-Item Binge-Eating Disorder Screener; SDS, The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; GAD-7, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; DMSC, The Dual-Modes of Self-Control Scale.

Table 2 Item Analysis (M±SD) and Item-Total Score Correlations (r) of the SCBES

Items	High-Score Group (n=589)	Low-Score Group (n=589)	t	p	Item-Total Correlations (n=2182)	p
Item 1	0.51±0.69	0.10±0.33	13.202	< 0.001	0.389	< 0.001
Item 2	1.37±0.97	0.32±0.56	22.493	< 0.001	0.466	< 0.001
Item 3	1.54±1.25	0.06±0.24	28.123	< 0.001	0.622	< 0.001
Item 4	0.35±0.76	0.01±0.01	11.196	< 0.001	0.373	< 0.001
Item 5	1.30±0.77	0.65±0.59	16.026	< 0.001	0.406	< 0.001
Item 6	1.06±0.97	0.14±0.36	21.730	< 0.001	0.538	< 0.001
Item 7	1.56±1.35	0.01±0.17	27.611	< 0.001	0.603	< 0.001
Item 8	1.85±0.90	0.18±0.44	40.278	< 0.001	0.631	< 0.001
Item 9	0.99±0.81	0.08±0.29	25.886	< 0.001	0.563	< 0.001
Item 10	1.52±0.77	0.22±0.55	33.188	< 0.001	0.537	< 0.001
Item 11	1.05±0.65	0.13±0.35	30.201	< 0.001	0.613	< 0.001
Item 12	0.46±0.72	0.05±0.24	13.031	< 0.001	0.311	< 0.001
Item 13	0.86±1.19	0.04±0.30	16.334	< 0.001	0.445	< 0.001
Item 14	1.11±0.83	0.12±0.37	26.231	< 0.001	0.578	< 0.001
Item 15	1.19±0.87	0.26±0.44	23.092	< 0.001	0.547	< 0.001
Item 16	1.04±0.66	0.11±0.35	30.077	< 0.001	0.542	< 0.001

Abbreviation: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES.

Table 3 Cronbach’s α and Test–Retest Reliability of the SCBES

Items	Cronbach’s α Coefficient if the Item Deleted (n=2182)	Test-Retest Reliability, Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (n=220)
Item 1	0.807	0.821 (p<0.001)
Item 2	0.807	0.803 (p<0.001)
Item 3	0.794	0.801 (p<0.001)
Item 4	0.808	0.822 (p<0.001)
Item 5	0.807	0.806 (p<0.001)
Item 6	0.799	0.797 (p<0.001)
Item 7	0.798	0.800 (p<0.001)
Item 8	0.793	0.802 (p<0.001)
Item 9	0.797	0.779 (p<0.001)
Item 10	0.801	0.807 (p<0.001)
Item 11	0.795	0.810 (p<0.001)
Item 12	0.811	0.832 (p<0.001)
Item 13	0.808	0.813 (p<0.001)
Item 14	0.796	0.799 (p<0.001)
Item 15	0.798	0.801 (p<0.001)
Item 16	0.799	0.805 (p<0.001)
SCBES total	0.813	0.835 (p<0.001)

Abbreviation: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES.

Table 4 Varimax Rotated Factor Loadings of the SCBES (n=1091)

Items	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Total
Item 2	0.666
Item 13	0.604
Item 8	0.593
Item 9	0.542
Item 11	0.536
Item 16	0.514
Item 7	0.503
Item 10	0.456
Item 5		0.728
Item 14		0.555
Item 15		0.552
Item 3		0.504
Item 4		0.455
Item 1			0.691
Item 6			0.516
Item 12			0.464
Variance explained	29.12%	15.25%	9.45%	53.82%

Abbreviation: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES.

Table 5 Model Fit Between the Three-Factor and One-Factor Models of the SCBES (n=1091)

Model Fit Indices	χ^2/df	GFI	AGFI	RMSEA	SRMR	CFI	NNFI
Three-factor model	2.796	0.968	0.957	0.041	0.021	0.962	0.973
One-factor model	2.962	0.966	0.955	0.042	0.023	0.937	0.946

Note: SCBES=The Simplified Chinese version of BES.

Figure 1 Factor structure of the three-factor model for the Simplified Chinese version of BES (SCBES). Factor 1=Binge-eating behaviors, Factor 2=Lack of control, Factor 3=Negative affects related to overeating.

Table 6 Pearson Correlations (r) Between the SCBES, the BEDS-7, and Binge-Eating Episodes (n=2182)

Variables	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)	(5)
(1) SCBES total	–
(2) SCBES Factor 1 (Binge-eating behaviors)	0.931***	–
(3) SCBES Factor 2 (Lack of control)	0.826***	0.613***	–
(4) SCBES Factor 3 (Negative affects related to overeating)	0.619***	0.434***	0.421***	–
(5) BEDS-7	0.782***	0.714***	0.660***	0.501***	–
(6) Weekly frequency of binge-eating episodes	0.760***	0.679***	0.669***	0.485***	0.742***

Note: ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES; BEDS-7, The 7-Item Binge-Eating Disorder Screener.

Figure 2 The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve that displayed the accuracy of the Simplified. Chinese version of BES (SCBES) as a screening tool for objective severity of binge-eating symptoms, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.935 (95% CI = 0.916–0.953, p < 0.001, n = 2182).

Table 7 Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis for the SCBES Total Score (n=2182)

Variables	Standardized Coefficients (β)	t	p	R	R^2	Adjusted R^2	F value
Age (years)	0.022	0.903	0.367
Gender (1=male, 2=female)	0.205	10.678***	< 0.001
Years of education	−0.018	−0.736	0.462
Ethnicity (1=Hans, 2=non-Hans)	0.019	1.009	0.313
Home locality (1=urban, 2=rural)	0.012	0.639	0.523
Smoking status (1=smoking, 2=non-smoking)	−0.020	−1.017	0.286
Drinking status (1=drinking, 2=non-drinking)	0.010	0.522	0.602
Body Mass Index (kg/m^2)	0.196	10.769***	< 0.001
Depression (SDS)	0.108	6.048***	< 0.001
Anxiety (GAD-7)	0.057	3.207***	< 0.001
DMSC Impulsivity	0.289	16.069***	< 0.001
DMSC Self-control	−0.288	−15.875***	< 0.001
Model fit				0.582	0.339	0.335	92.568***

Note: ***p<0.001.

Abbreviations: SCBES, The Simplified Chinese version of BES; SDS, The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale; GAD-7, The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale; DMSC, The Dual-Modes of Self-Control Scale.

Data Sharing Statement

Data could be obtained by contacting the corresponding author.