Spanish version of the Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire and its application in eating disorders

Figures & data

Table 1 Factor structure (principal axes with varimax rotation) and explained variance of the Spanish version of the Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire in the patient group and the student group

Item	Patients with EDs			Group of students
	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3	Factor 1	Factor 2	Factor 3
TAF1	0.651	−0.141	0.105	0.465	0.118	0.126
TAF2	0.649	0.044	0.074	0.464	0.102	−0.051
TAF3	0.687	0.087	−0.054	0.427	0.012	−0.035
TAF4	0.572	0.035	0.112	0.542	0.007	−0.067
TAF5	0.593	0.061	0.137	0.740	0.042	−0.005
TAF6	0.604	0.091	0.163	0.730	0.118	−0.005
TAF7	0.518	0.042	0.051	0.705	−0.004	0.021
TAF8	0.638	0.078	−0.069	0.782	0.105	−0.030
TAF9	0.697	0.010	0.138	0.568	0.139	0.170
TAF10	0.754	0.081	0.071	0.653	0.066	0.140
TAF11	0.599	0.120	−0.007	0.722	0.066	0.029
TAF12	0.556	0.004	0.037	0.671	0.039	0.058
TAF13	0.127	0.866	0.127	0.046	0.910	0.079
TAF14	0.228	0.860	0.228	0.142	0.894	0.127
TAF15	0.259	0.866	0.259	0.115	0.975	0.134
TAF16	0.196	0.889	0.196	0.117	0.822	0.130
TAF17	0.108	0.141	0.803	0.053	0.138	0.722
TAF18	0.143	0.282	0.735	0.136	0.036	0.890
TAF19	0.079	0.182	0.604	0.089	0.205	0.782
Explained variance	24.320	17.970	13.290	26.400	17.885	11.982
Accumulated variance	24.320	42.290	55.580	26.400	44.285	56.267

Abbreviations: EDs, eating disorders; TAF, thought-action fusion.

Table 2 Confirmatory factor analysis of three-factor model of Spanish version of the Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire

Model	Model-test			Fit statistics
	χ^2	df	Cmin/df	GFI	AGFI	RMR	TLI	CFI	RMSEA
CFA fit-indexes	223.2	149	1.49	0.91	0.89	0.008	0.95	0.95	0.070

Abbreviations: AGFI, adjusted goodness-of-fit index; CFA, confirmatory factor analysis; CFI, comparative ft index; C_min/df, chi-square/degrees of freedom; df, degrees of freedom; GFI, goodness-of-fit index; RMR, root mean squared residual; RMSEA, root mean standard error of approximation; TLI, Tucker–Lewis index; χ², chi-square.

Table 3 Mean scores on the questionnaires and Mann–Whitney test

	Patients (n = 146) M (SD)	Students (n = 200) M (SD)	U	P
TAF
TAF–Moral	17.94 (11.72)	14.29 (11.95)	6,720.5	<0.01
TAF–likelihood-others	1.41 (3.57)	0.48 (1.74)	7,510.0	<0.05
TAF–likelihood-oneself	2.40 (3.44)	1.60 (2.21)	7,546.0	<0.05
STAI
STAI-S	27.01 (13.83)	17.26 (10.69)	4,872.0	<0.001
STAI-T	32.33 (11.68)	19.16 (10.96)	3,486.5	<0.001
BDI	18.64 (12.88)	5.75 (5.90)	3,026.0	<0.001
EDI-2
Drive for thinness	9.97 (6.67)	2.18 (3.84)	2,697.5	<0.001
Bulimia	2.70 (3.97)	0.68 (1.51)	5,670.0	<0.001
Body dissatisfaction	12.51 (7.82)	4.10 (5.21)	3,095.5	<0.001
Ineffectiveness	9.02 (7.23)	2.05 (3.36)	2,882.5	<0.001
Perfectionism	5.03 (3.51)	3.15 (3.23)	5,467.5	<0.001
Interpersonal distrust	5.02 (3.96)	2.51 (2.93)	5,142.0	<0.001
Interoceptive awareness	6.98 (5.80)	1.71 (2.81)	3,240.5	<0.001
Maturity fears	7.43 (5.23)	4.37 (3.92)	5,348.0	<0.001
Asceticism	5.62 (4.27)	2.16 (2.16)	3,883.5	<0.001
Impulse regulation	4.66 (4.99)	1.52 (3.30)	4,261.0	<0.001
Social insecurity	7.18 (5.37)	3.28 (3.89)	4,498.5	<0.001
SCL-90-R
Somatization	1.22 (0.93)	0.71 (0.66)	5,605.5	<0.001
Obsessive-compulsive	1.56 (0.89)	0.80 (0.63)	4,153.0	<0.001
Interpersonal sensitivity	1.72 (1.02)	0.73 (0.65)	3,549.5	<0.001
Depression	1.84 (1.01)	0.71 (0.65)	3,076.5	<0.001
Anxiety	2.46 (1.38)	0.55 (0.54)	3,855.5	<0.001
Hostility	1.34 (0.97)	0.57 (0.65)	3,966.0	<0.001
Phobic anxiety	0.72 (0.74)	0.26 (0.38)	4,964.5	<0.001
Paranoid ideation	1.30 (0.84)	0.69 (0.65)	4,586.0	<0.001
Psychoticism	1.10 (0.77)	0.34 (0.42)	3,142.5	<0.001
Global severity index	1.61 (2.32)	0.62 (0.48)	3,145.0	<0.001
Positive symptom total	55.92 (19.87)	34.93 (20.14)	3,818.5	<0.001
Positive symptom distress index	2.13 (0.69)	1.41 (0.43)	2,998.0	<0.001

Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; EDI-2, Eating Disorders Inventory-2; SCL-90-R, Symptom Checklist-90-revised; STAI, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory; TAF, thought-action fusion.

Table 4 Correlations between the Spanish version of the Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire and the various subscales of the Eating Disorders Inventory

Subscales of the EDI-2	TAF-SP Moral		TAF-SP Likelihood-others		TAF-SP Likelihood-oneself
	Patients	Students	Patients	Students	Patients	Students
Drive for thinness	0.18*	0.15	0.24**	0.02	0.29**	0.04
Bulimia	0.14	0.11	0.16*	0.11	0.13	0.06
Body dissatisfaction	0.16	0.12	0.28**	0.13	0.40**	0.16
Ineffectiveness	0.21*	0.23*	0.27**	0.16	0.34**	0.18
Perfectionism	0.09	0.15	0.14	0.10	0.22**	0.07
Interpersonal distrust	0.14	0.24**	0.19*	0.11	0.17*	0.04
Interoceptive awareness	0.23**	0.31**	0.24**	0.13	0.29**	0.09
Maturity fears	0.29**	0.30**	0.08	0.09	0.14	0.05
Asceticism	0.27**	0.17	0.19*	0.08	0.29**	0.04
Impulse regulation	0.18*	0.17	0.27**	0.02	0.33**	0.07
Social insecurity	0.13	0.16	0.25**	0.07	0.33**	0.04

Notes:

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: EDI-2, eating Disorders inventory-2; TAF-SP, Spanish version of the Thought-action Fusion Questionnaire.

Table 5 Correlations between the Spanish version of the Thought-action Fusion Questionnaire and the various subscales of Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R)

Subscales of the SCL-90-R	TAF–Moral		TAF–Likelihood-others		TAF–Likelihood-oneself
	Patients	Students	Patients	Students	Patients	Students
Somatization	0.24**	0.18*	0.25**	0.06	0.35**	0.25**
Interpersonal sensitivity	0.26**	0.25**	0.30**	0.12	0.49**	0.29**
Depression	0.31**	0.31**	0.23**	0.16	0.41**	0.29**
Anxiety	0.02	0.31**	0.16	0.09	0.04	0.29**
Hostility	0.24**	0.11	0.19*	0.04	0.31**	0.22*
Phobic anxiety	0.15	0.21*	0.29**	0.12	0.44**	0.31**
Paranoid ideation	0.31**	0.29**	0.25**	0.02	0.43**	0.24**
Psychoticism	0.33**	0.28**	0.27**	0.18	0.45**	0.30**
Global severity index	0.02	0.30**	0.07	0.12	0.10	0.30**
Positive symptom total	0.26**	0.35**	0.31**	0.17	0.44**	0.35**
Positive symptom distress index	0.30**	0.23*	0.18*	0.05	0.32**	0.13

Notes:

* P < 0.05;

** P < 0.01.

Abbreviations: SCL-90-R, Symptom Checklist-90-Revised; TAF, Thought-Action Fusion Questionnaire.