Can theoretical intervention improve hand hygiene behavior among nurses?

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of demographic characteristics between intervention and control groups in terms of sex

Variables	Control		Intervention
	No	%	No	%
Sex
Male	8	22.9	5	14.3
Female	27	77.1	30	85.7
Total	35	100	35	100
P-value (chi-square test)	P=0.35
Educational level
Technician and lower	3	8.6	4	11.4
Bachelors	32	91.4	31	88.6
Total	35	100	35	100
P-value (Fisher’s exact test)	P=0.7
Recruitment type
Official	23	65.7	7	48.6
Contractual	7	20.0	7	20.0
Project: contract	5	14.3	11	31.4
Total	35	100	35	100
P-value (chi-square test)	P=0.20
Recruitment duration
<5 years	3	8.6	5	14.3
5–10 years	9	25.7	12	34.3
10–15 years	9	25.7	5	14.3
15 years and more	4	40.0	13	37.1
Total	35	100	35	100
P-value (Fisher’s exact test)	P=0.55

Table 2 Comparison of the median upper quartile (UQ) of attitude and enabling factors in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention

Variables	Case	Control	Mann–Whitney test
Attitude
Before intervention	37 (40)	37 (40)	P=0.81, Z=−0.23
After intervention	44 (57)	37 (47)	P=0.004, Z=−2.8
Wilcoxon test	P<0.001, Z=−4.2	P=0.43, Z=−0.78
Enabling factors
Before intervention	18 (23)	16 (23)	P=0.82, Z=−0.22
After intervention	20 (24)	18 (23)	P=0.11, Z=−1.5
Wilcoxon test	P<0.001, Z=−3.6	P=0.47, Z=−0.71

Table 3 Comparison of the median upper quartile (UQ) of subjective norms, intention, and behavior in the intervention and control groups before and after the intervention

Variables	Case	Control	Mann-Whitney test
Subjective norms
Before intervention	25 (28)	25 (28)	P=0.6, Z=−0.49
After intervention	30 (34)	26 (29)	P=0.002, Z=−3.1
Wilcoxon test	P<0.001, Z=−4.1	P= 0.70, Z=−0.37
Intention
Before intervention	6 (7)	7 (7)	P=0.006, Z=−2.7
After intervention	7 (7)	7 (7)	P=0.01, Z=−2.4
Wilcoxon test	P<0.001, Z=−3.8	P=0.41, Z=−0.81
Behavior
Before intervention	22 (23)	22 (23)	P=0.89, Z=−0.12
After intervention	23 (23)	22 (23)	P=0.28, Z=−1.06
Wilcoxon test	P=0.106, Z=−1.6	P=0.39, Z=−0.85