Early father–daughter relationship and demographic determinants of spousal marital satisfaction

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants according to age and work status

Variables	Wives		Husbands
	Frequency	Percentage	Frequency	Percentage
Age, years
20–25	34	13.8	9	3.6
26–30	64	25.9	41	16.6
31–35	53	21.5	50	20.2
36–40	34	13.8	46	18.6
41–45	34	13.8	37	15.0
≥46	28	11.3	64	25.9
Total	247	100.0	247	100.0
Working status
Yes	170	68.8	221	89.5
No	77	31.2	26	10.5
Total	247	100.0	247	100.0

Table 2 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values for the Father Presence Questionnaire and Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire

Scales	Number of items	Alpha
Father Presence Questionnaire
Feelings about the father	13	0.87
Mother’s support for relationship with father	14	0.84
Perception of father’s involvement	14	0.86
Perception of father’s involvement	9	0.93
Father–mother relationship	13	0.75
Conceptions of father’s influence	8	0.87
Overall Father Presence Questionnaire	71	0.95
Marital Satisfaction Questionnaire
Wives’ marital satisfaction	53	0.93
Husbands’ marital satisfaction	53	0.93

Table 3 Wives’ and husbands’ marital satisfaction as predicted by the Father Presence Questionnaire variables

	R	R^2	Adjusted R^2	Standard error of the estimate	F	Significance
Wives	0.349	0.122	0.099	23.55681	5.352	0.0000
Husbands	0.358*	0.128	0.103	25.34705	5.132	0.0000*

Note:

* P<0.05.

Table 4 Standardized beta coefficients of Father Presence Questionnaire predictors of wife and husband marital satisfaction

Marital satisfaction predictors		Unstandardized coefficients		Standardized coefficients	T	Significance	Collinearity statistics
		β	Standard error	β			Tolerance	VIF
Constant	W	158.55	12.10		13.11	0.00
	H	162.310	13.416		12.098	0.000
Feelings about the father	W	−5.37	4.52	−0.13	−1.19	0.24	0.34	2.91
	H	−17.153	5.149	−0.368	−3.331	0.001	0.340	2.945
Mother’s support for	W	4.25	4.89	0.09	0.87	0.39	0.40	2.53
relationship with father	H	13.197	5.867	0.244	2.249	0.026	0.353	2.832
Perception of father’s involvement	W	3.05	3.66	0.09	0.83	0.41	0.33	3.05
	H	2.872	4.195	0.077	0.685	0.494	0.328	3.050
Physical relationship with father	W	6.59	2.72	0.24	2.43	0.02	0.38	2.61
	H	7.739	3.035	0.263	2.550	0.011	0.391	2.559
Father–mother relationship	W	−2.94	5.32	−0.06	−0.55	0.58	0.36	2.75
	H	−2.565	6.023	−0.047	−0.426	0.671	0.347	2.880
Conceptions of father’s influence	W	7.680	3.002	0.175	2.558	0.011	0.807	1.239
	H	7.761	3.343	0.167	2.322	0.021	0.800	1.250

Abbreviations: H, husband; VIF, variance inflation factor; W, wife.

Table 5 Mean values and standard deviations of wives’ and husbands’ marital satisfaction according to different demographic variables

Variable		Wives			Husbands
		Mean	N	Standard deviation	Mean	N	Standard deviation
Working wives	Yes	107.80	174	28.21	114.076	221	17.7317
	No	118.12	73	29.34	112.810	22	25.2613
	Total	110.85	247	28.87	113.962	243	18.4753
Existence of children	Yes	113.15	199	29.32	114.417	199	18.4899
	No	101.35	48	25.04	111.949	48	17.8016
	Total	110.85	247	28.87	113.938	247	18.3486
Traditional marriage	Yes	113.47	136	29.71	111.860	136	20.7152
	No	107.65	111	27.61	116.483	111	14.6424
	Total	110.85	247	28.87	113.938	247	18.3486

Table 6 Noninteractive ANOVA for means of wives’ marital satisfaction

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Significance
Corrected model	10,436.432*	3	3,478.811	4.343	0.005
Intercept	1,578,838.972	1	1,578,838.972	1,970.970	0.000
Working wives	3,950.194	1	3,950.194	4.931	0.027
Existence of children	3,866.510	1	3,866.510	4.827	0.029
Traditional marriage	515.208	1	515.208	0.643	0.423
Error	194,654.321	243	801.047
Total	3,240,391.000	247
Corrected total	205,090.753	246

Notes: F-values for working wives, existence of children, and traditional marriage were 4.93, 4.82, and 0.64, respectively. Only values of work and traditional marriage variables were significant among wives.

* R²=0.051 (adjusted R²=0.039).

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; df, degrees of freedom.

Table 7 Noninteractive ANOVA for means of husbands’ marital satisfaction

Source	Type III sum of squares	df	Mean square	F	Significance
Corrected model	1,906.103*	3	635.368	1.882	0.133
Intercept	843,287.087	1	843,287.087	2,497.541	0.000
Working wives	6.356	1	6.356	0.019	0.891
Existence of children	540.840	1	540.840	1.602	0.207
Traditional marriage	1,588.885	1	1,588.885	4.706	0.031
Error	80,697.622	239	337.647
Total	3,238,508.832	243
Corrected total	82,603.725	242

Note:

* R²=0.023 (adjusted R²=0.011).

Abbreviations: ANOVA, analysis of variance; df, degrees of freedom.