Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors among Children Hospitalized with Acute Bacterial Meningitis in Eastern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and Baseline Characteristics of Pediatrics Treated for Acute Bacterial Meningitis at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, from November 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 (n=200)

	Frequency (%) <2 Months (n=16)	Frequency (%) ≥2 Months (n=184)	General (n=200)
Sex
Male	10 (62.5%)	121 (65.8%)	131 (65.5%)
Female	6 (37.5%)	63 (34.2%)	69 (34.5%)
Duration of illness before admission
<72 hours	11 (68.75%)	61 (33.15%)	72 (36%)
≥72hours	5 (31.25%)	123 (66.85%)	128 (64%)
Fever
Yes	9 (56.25%)	172 (93.5%)	181 (90.5%)
No	7 (43.75%)	12 (6.5%)	19 (9.5%)
Unconsciousness
Yes	3 (18.75%)	89 (48.37%)	92 (46%)
No	13 (81.25%)	95 (51.63%)	108 (54%)
Seizures
Yes	2 (12.5%)	36 (19.6%)	40 (20%)
No	14 (87.5%)	148 (80.4%)	162 (81%)
Vomiting
Yes	4 (25%)	124 (67.4%)	128 (64%)
No	12 (75%)	60 (32.6%)	74 (37%)
Neck stiffness
Yes	8 (50%)	134 (72.8%)	142 (71%)
No	8 (50%)	50 (27.5%)	58 (29%)
Medical comorbidity
Yes	12 (75%)	114 (62%)	126 (63%)
No	4 (25%)	70 (38%)	74 (37%)
Malaria
Yes	4 (25%)	21 (38.6%)	25 (12.5%)
No	12 (75%)	163 (61.4%)	175 (87.5%)
Sepsis
Yes	10 (62.5%)	2 (1.1%)	12 (6%)
No	6 (37.5%)	182 (98.9%)	188 (94%)
Pneumonia
Yes	9 (56.25%)	11 (6%)	20 (10%)
No	7 (43.75%)	173 (94%)	180 (90%)
Anemia
Yes	11 (68.75%)	5 (2.7%)	16 (8%)
No	5 (31.25%)	179 (97.3%)	184 (92%)
AGE
Yes	6 (37.5%)	43 (23.4%)	48 (24%)
No	10 (62.5%)	141 (76.7%)	152 (76%)
Tetanus
Yes	5 (31.25%)	3 (1.6%)	8 (4%)
No	11 (68.75%)	181 (98.4%)	192 (96%)

Abbreviation: AGE, acute gastroenteritis.

Table 2 Treatment Outcomes of Acute Bacterial Meningitis Among Pediatrics Hospitalized at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia from November 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 (n=200)

		<2 months (n=16)	≥2 months (n=184)	Total (n=200)
Good	Improved	10 (62.5%)	144 (78.3%)	154 (77%)
Poor	Death	2 (12.5%)	20 (10.9%)	22 (11%)
	“Self”-discharge	4 (25%)	20 (10.9%)	24 (12%)
Median time to improvement, days (IQR)		5 (4–6)	4 (3–5)

Table 3 Factors Associated with Treatment Outcomes Among Pediatrics with Acute Bacterial Meningitis Hospitalized at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia, from November 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 (n=200)

	Outcome		OR (95% CI)		P-value
	Good (n=154)	Poor (n=46)	COR	AOR
Age
<2 months	12	4	1.13 (0.35–3.68)	11.14 (0.34–3.76)	0.834
≥2 months	142	42
Fever
Yes	139	42	1.14 (0.36–3.63)	1.08 (0.33–3.49)	0.900
No	15	4
Vomiting
Yes	101	27	0.75 (0.38–1.46)	0.76 (0.38–1.52)	0.438
No	53	19
Neck stiffness
Yes	109	33	1.05 (0.51–2.17)	1.05 (0.49–2.26)	0.895
No	45	13
Seizure
Yes	32	8	0.80 (0.34–1.89)	0.78 (0.32–1.89)	0.587
No	122	38
Unconsciousness
Yes	49	43	3.08 (1.29–7.34)	3.25 (1.21–8.75)	0.02
No	105	3	1	1
Comorbidity
Yes	107	19	1.60 (0.81–3.16)	1.7 (0.84–3.42)	0.139
No	47	27
Pneumonia
Yes	16	4	2.98 (1.25–7.12)	3.65 (0.24–6.13)	0.42
No	106	74	1	1
AGE
Yes	22	26	0.38 (0.16–0.90)	1.36 (0.46–3.95)	0.58
No	92	60	1	1
Duration of illness before admission
Less than 72 hours	56	16	0.17 (0.09–0.34)	3.74 (1.76–7.98)	0.01
72 hours and above	98	30	1	1
Antibiotic-regimen change
Yes	14	18	4.52 (2.30–8.88)	4.7 (2.17–10.0)	0
No	142	28	1	1

Abbreviations: AGE, acute gastroenteritis.