Outcomes and Associated Factors of Cataract Surgery Among Adults Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of Adults Who Received Cataract Surgery at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, 2018–2019 (n=314)

Variables	Category	N (%)
Age (Years)	50–59	89 (28.3)
	60–69	120 (38.2)
	70–79	91 (29.0)
	80–90	14 (4.5)
Sex	Male	150 (47.8)
	Female	164 (52.2)
Address	Urban	176 (56.1)
	Rural	138 (43.9)
Educational Status	Unable to read and write	141 (44.9)
	Able to read and write	50 (15.9)
	Primary School (1–8th)	36 (11.5)
	Secondary School (9–12th)	49 (15.6)
	Diploma and above	38 (12.1)
Religion	Orthodox Christian	140 (44.6)
	Muslim	110 (35.0)
	Protestant	49 (15.6)
	Catholic	8 (2.5)
	Others	7 (2.2)
Occupation	Retired	196 (62.4)
	Government employee	67 (21.3)
	Farmer	34 (10.8)
	Private employee	16 (5.1)
	Others	1 (0.3)
Marital status	Single	55 (17.5)
	Married	233 (74.2)
	Divorced/Separated	15 (4.8)
	Widowed	11 (3.50)

Table 2 Preoperative Clinical Characteristics of Adults Who Received Cataract Surgery at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, 2018–2019 (n=314)

Variables	Category	N (%)
Visual acuity	≥ 6/18	1 (0.33)
	< 6/18 and ≥ 6/60	30 (9.57)
	< 6/60 to LP	283 (90.10)
Preoperative IOP (mmHg)	6 to 21	286 (91.1)
	≥ 22	28 (8.90)
Eye Operated	Right	154 (49.0)
	Left	160 (51.0)
Surgeon	Ophthalmologist	257 (81.80)
	Resident	57 (18.20)
Preoperative cataract	Mature	273 (86.90)
	Immature	30 (9.60)
	Hyper-mature	11 (3.50)
Ocular co-morbidities	Glaucoma	18 (5.70)
	AMD	13 (4.10)
	Pseudo-exfoliation	101 (32.20)
	Corneal Opacity	11 (3.50)
Systemic co-morbidities	Diabetes Mellitus	46 (14.60)
	Hypertension	68 (21.70)
	HIV/AIDS	3 (1.00)
	Cardiac Disease	2 (0.67)
	Bronchial Asthma	2 (0.67)
	Others	2 (0.67)

Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; HIV/AIDS, human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; LP, light perception; IOP, intraocular pressure.

Table 3 Intraoperative Characteristics of Adults Who Received Cataract Surgery at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, 2018–2019 (n=314)

Variables	Category	N (%)
Anesthesia type	Sub-Tenon’s anesthesia	172 (54.60)
	Retrobulbar anesthesia	142 (45.40)
Anesthesia complications	Yes	4 (1.30)
	No	310 (98.7)
Type of surgery	MSICS	284 (90.40)
	Phacoemulsification	30 (9.60)
Wound section	Scleral Tunnel	284 (90.40)
	Clear corneal	30 (9.60)
Capsulotomy	Can opener	284 (90.40)
	CCC	30 (9.60)
Place of intraocular lens	Posterior chamber (PC)	304 (96.80)
	Anterior chamber (AC)	5 (1.60)
	Surgical aphakia	5 (1.60)
Intraocular lens material	PMMA	280 (89.20)
	Acrylic	29 (9.20)
Intraoperative complications	PC rupture with vitreous loss	19 (6.10)
	Premature AC entry	6 (1.90)
	Retained cortical matter	4 (1.34)
	Iridodialysis	5 (1.60)
	Zonular dialysis	3 (1.00)
	Wound leak	17 (5.40)
	Others	1 (0.33)

Abbreviations: AC, anterior chamber; CCC, continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis; MSICS, manual small incision cataract surgery; PC, posterior chamber; PMMA, poly methyl methacrylate.

Table 4 Preoperative and Postoperative Vision of Adults After Cataract Surgery at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, 2018–2019 (n=314)

Time of Vision Measurement	VA Category N (%)
	>6/18	6/18–6/60	<6/60
Pre-operative time (Before surgery)	1 (0.3)	30 (9.6)	283 (90.1)
Day 1 after surgery	85 (27.1)	97 (30.9)	132 (42.0)
Week 1–2 after surgery	137 (43.6)	115 (36.6)	62 (19.7)
Week 6–8 after surgery (Before correction)	192 (61.1)	81 (25.8)	41 (13.1)
Week 6–8 after surgery (After correction) (BCVA)	215 (68.5)	63 (20.1)	36 (11.5)

Abbreviations: BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; VA, visual acuity.

Table 5 Factors Associated with Poor Visual Outcome Among Adults After Cataract Surgery at St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, 2018–2019 (n=314)

Variables	BCVA		COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
	Poor	Good to Borderline	Univariate Logistic Regression		Multivariate Logistic Regression
Age
50–59	6	83	1.00
60–69	14	106	0.18 (0.04,0.75)	0.019	0.83 (0.28,2.46)	0.63
70–79	12	79	0.33 (0.09,1.19)	0.091	0.65 (0.22,1.93)	0.55
80–90	4	10	0.38 (0.10,1.42)	0.470	0.34 (0.06,1.71)	0.29
Sex
Male	15	135	1.00
Female	21	143	0.75 (0.37,1.53)	0.43
Address
Urban	17	159	1.00
Rural	19	119	0.67 (0.33,1.35)	0.25
Preoperative IOP (mmHg)
6–21	29	257	1.00
≥ 22	7	21	2.95 (1.15,7.54)	0.02	1.71 (0.53,5.49)	0.36
Glaucoma
Yes	4	14	2.35 (0.73,7.59)	0.15	2.12 (0.49,9.09)	0.31
No	32	264	1.00
AMD
Yes	5	8	5.44 (1.67,17.67)	0.005	4.57 (1.12,17.24)	0.03*
No	31	270	1.00
Psudoexfoliation
Yes	17	84	2.06 (1.02,4.17)	0.04	1.81 (0.80,4.00)	0.15
No	19	194	1.00
Dry eye
Yes	8	51	1.27 (0.54,2.95)	0.57
No	28	227	1.00
Systemic disease
Yes	10	87	0.84 (0.39,1.82)	0.66
No	26	191
Surgeon
Resident	4	53	1.88 (0.64,5.55)	0.25
Ophthalmologist	32	225	1.00
Anesthesia
RBA	14	128	1.00
STA	22	150	1.35 (0.66,2.77)	0.41
Intraoperative
Yes	7	22	2.80 (1.10,7.14)	0.03	2.17 (0.73,6.25)	0.16
Complications
No	29	256	1.00
Preoperative K Reading/Astigmatism
−0.75 to −2	26	247	1.00
−2.25 to −7.38	9	25	3.44 (1.44,8.33)	0.005	3.22 (1.25,8.33)	0.01*
Postoperative Astigmatism
−0.75 to −2	6	184	1.00
−2.25 to −6	2	44	1.40 (0.27,7.14)	0.69

Note: *Statistically significant (Multivariate regression).

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; BCVA, best-corrected visual acuity; COR, crude odds ratio; IOP, intraocular pressure; K, keratometer; RBA, retro-bulbar anesthesia; STA, sub-tenon anesthesia.