Prostate Cancer Screening Practice and Associated Factors Among Men in Public Health Facilities of Hossana Town, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristic of the Study Participants in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities, Hosanna, South Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Age in years	<50	103	24.7
	51–60	118	28.3
	>60	196	47.0
Religion	Protestant	248	59.5
	Muslim	94	22.5
	Orthodox	52	12.5
	Catholic	23	5.5
Residence	Urban	191	45.8
	Rural	226	54.2
Education status	Cannot read and write	184	44.1
	Primary school	136	32.6
	Secondary school	75	18.0
	Higher education	22	5.3
Occupation	Self-employed	112	26.9
	Government employed	23	5.5
	Farmer	282	67.5
Marital status	Unmarried	6	1.4
	Married	411	98.6
Monthly income in EBirr	<1000	170	40.8
	1001–1500	32	7.7
	1501–2000	61	14.6
	>2000	154	36.9

Abbreviation: EBirr, Ethiopian Birr.

Table 2 Prostate Cancer Screening Awareness of the Study Participants in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities, Hossana, South Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Ever heard about prostate cancer (n=417)	Yes	62	14.9
	No	355	85.1
Source of information (n=62)**	Mass media	23	37
	Health workers	35	56.4
	Friends	18	29
	Relatives	5	8
Family history of prostate cancer	Yes	47	11.3
	No	370	88.7
Aware of symptoms of prostate cancer (n=417)	Yes	37	8.9
	No	380	91.1
Symptoms of prostate cancer (n=37)**	Frequent/painful/difficulty in urination	15	40.5
	Erectile dysfunction	9	24.3
	Weight loss	7	18.9
	Blood in urine	8	21.6
	Bone pain	6	16.2
Prostate cancer can be treated(n=417)	No	37	8.9
	Yes	380	91.1
Mode of treatment (n=380)**	Drugs	100	26.3
	Surgery	160	42.1
	Radiotherapy	70	18.4
	Herbal remedies	50	13.2
Ever heard about prostate cancer screening (n=417)	Yes	51	12.2
	No	366	87.8
Methods of prostate cancer screening (n=51)**	PSA screening	19	37.2
	Digital rectal exam	22	43.1
	Biopsy	10	19.7
Aware of anyone who has undergone screening	Yes	19	4.6
	No	398	95.4

Note: **Indicate multiple options.

Table 3 Prostate Cancer Screening Behaviours of the Study Participants in Hossana Town Public Health Facilities, Hossana, South Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent
Screened for prostate cancer (n=417)	Yes	30	7.2
	No	387	92.8
Method of screening used (n=30)	Digital Rectal Examination	16	53.3
	PSA testing	5	16.7
	Biopsy	3	10
	Do not know	6	20
When were you screened (n=30)	< 1 year	7	23.3
	1–2 years	3	10
	> 2 years	20	66.7
Motivation of screening (n=30)	Routine checkup	2	6.7
	Recommendation by doctor/nurse	24	80
	Advice by CHV	4	13.3
Who decided to screen (n=30)**	Advert	4	10
	Health care provider	27	90
Did the provider explain the benefits and risks of screening	Yes	28	93.3
	No	2	6.7
Willingness to screen in future	Yes	29	96.7
	No	1	3.3

Note: **Indicate multiple options.

Table 4 Factors Affecting Prostate Screening Practice Among the Participants in Hossana Public Health Facilities, Hossana, South Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Categories	Screened for PC		COR (CI, 95%)	P-values	AOR (CI, 95%)	P-value
		Yes (%)	No (%)
Age in years	<50	14(46.6)	89(21.5)	0.2(0.075–0.450)	0.001*	2.5(0.593–10.80)	0.21
	51–60	10(33.3)	108(26)	0.34(0.121–0.964)	0.042*	0.85(0.234–3.06)	0.80
	>60	6(20)	190(45.8)	1		1
Residence	Urban	21(70)	170(41)	2.9(1.33–6.67)	0.23
	Rural	9(30)	217(52.5)	1
Marital status	Single	1(3.3)	5(1.2)	0.38(0.043–3.3.36)	0.38
	Married	29(96.6)	382(92.3)	1
Occupation	Self-employed	2(6.6)	110(26.5)	0.004(0.001–0.022)	0.31
	Government employed	19(63.3)	4(0.97)	0.55(0.117–2.59)	0.45
	Farmer	9(30)	273(65.9)	1
Education status	Cannot read and write	8(26.6)	176(42.5)	31.8(10.5–96)	0.32
	Primary school	8(26.6)	128(30.9)	23(7.61–70.14)	0.30
	Secondary school	1(3.3)	74(17.8)	106(12.47–916)	0.23
	Higher education	13(43.3)	9(2.2)	1
Monthly income in Birr	<1000	5(16.7)	165(39.8)	5.8(2.14–15.65)	0.11
	1001–1500	1(3.3)	31(7.5)	5.4(0.708–41.85)	0.104
	1501–2000	1(3.3)	60(16.7)	10.5(1.4–79.8)	0.23
	>2000	23(76.6)	131(31.6)	1
Ever heard about prostate cancer	Yes	21(70)	41(10)	19.7(8.46–45.85)	0.001*	26(7.06–96.90)	0.001**
	No	9(30)	346(83.5)	1		1
Family history of prostate cancer	Yes	16(53.3)	31(7.5)	13(5.86–29.37)	0.001*	15.5(5.18–46.77)	0.001**
	No	14(46.7)	356(85.9)	1		1
Awareness of symptoms of prostate cancer	Yes	21(70)	16(3.8)	54(21.4–136.6)	0.29
	No	9(30)	371(89.6)	1
Awareness about prostate cancer screening	Yes	21(70)	30(7.2)	27.7(11.69–65.96)	0.12
	No	9(30)	357(86.2)	1
Awareness of anyone who has undergone prostate cancer screening	Yes	12(40)	7(1.7)	36(12.72–102.9)	0.001*	6.8(1.95–23.64)	0.003**
	No	18(60)	380(91.7)	1		1

Note: *p-value less than 0.25, **p-value less than 0.05.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.