Prevalence, Clinical Characteristics and Determinants of Unsuccessful Treatment Outcomes Among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A 5-Year Registry-Based Retrospective Cohort Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart for the study participants.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of PTB Patients

Variable	Patients	Percent
Gender
Female	111	25.9
Male	316	74.1
Age (Years)
≤ 15	6	1.4
16–25	37	8.7
26–35	45	10.5
36–45	53	12.4
46–55	74	17.3
56–65	96	22.5
≥ 66	116	27.2
Residence
Urban	294	68.9
Rural	133	31.1
Marital status
Married	301	70.5
Unmarried	126	29.5
Smoking Habit
Current Smokers	386	90.4
Non-smoker	41	9.6

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of PTB Patients

Variable	Patients	Percentage
Types of smears
Sputum Smear positive	377	88.3
Sputum Smear negative	50	11.7
Patient type
Relapse Patients	14	3.3
New Patients	413	96.7
Chest X-ray
Lesion	421	98.6
Clear	6	1.4
Symptoms
Night Sweats
No	207	48.5
Yes	220	55.1
Cough
No	52	12.2
Yes	375	87.8
Fever
No	309	27.6
Yes	118	72.4
Shortness of Breath
No	209	48.9
Yes	218	51.1
Loss of Weight
No	138	32.3
Yes	289	67.7
Loss of Appetite
No	112	26.2
Yes	315	73.8
Hemoptysis
No	313	73.3
Yes	114	26.7
Comorbidities
PTB only	355	83.1
Comorbidities	72	16.9

Figure 2 Treatment outcomes among PTB patients.

Table 3 Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Treatment Outcome

Variables	Total 427 (%)	Unsuccessful 49 (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
Gender			OR (95%CL)	p-value	aOR (95%CL)	p-value
Female	111 (25.9)	19 (4.4)	Referent		Referent
Male	316 (74.1)	30 (7.1)	1.9 (1.1–1.6)	<0.001	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	<0.001
Age (Years)
≤ 15	6 (1.4)	2 (0.5)	Referent		Referent
16–25	37 (8.7)	2 (0.5)	0.2 (0.07–0.8)	0.03	1.4 (0.5–4.2)	0.4
26–35	45 (10.5)	3 (0.9)	0.3 (0.11–1.1)	0.09	1.07 (0.4–2.7)	0.8
36–45	53 (12.4)	6 (1.3)	0.3 (0.11–1.1)	0.08	1.02 (0.3–2.6)	0.9
46–55	74 (17.3)	9 (2.0)	0.5 (0.1–0.7)	0.04	1.72 (0.7–3.8)	0.8
56–65	96 (22.5)	12 (2.8)	0.4 (0.1–1.4)	0.1	1.07 (0.3–3.0)	0.8
≥ 66	116 (27.2)	15 (3.5)	0.3 (0.09–1.5)	0.1	0.77 (0.3–1.9)	0.5
Residence
Rural	294 (68.9)	34 (8.0)	Referent		Referent
Urban	133 (31.1)	15 (3.5)	1.1 (1.05–1.0)	< 0.001	1.21 (1.1–1.2)	< 0.001
Marital status
Unmarried	301 (70.5)	23 (5.4)	Referent		Referent
Married	126 (29.5)	26 (6.1)	1.3 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001	1.9 (1.0–1.7)	< 0.001
Smoking status
Non-Smoker	41 (9.6)	97 (7.3)	Referent
Smoker	386 (90.4)	18 (1.3)	0.8 (0.4–1.3)	0.4
Sputum Smear Type
Negative	50 (11.7)	7 (1.7)	Referent		Referent
Positive	377 (88.3)	42 (9.8)	1.9 (1.4–1.8)	< 0.001	1.3 (1.1–1.3)	< 0.001
Chest X-ray
Clear	6 (1.4)	0 (0.0)	Referent
Lesion	421 (98.6)	49 (100)	0.9 (0.2–3.2)	0.9
Symptoms
Night Sweat
No	207 (48.5)	23 (5.4)	Referent
Yes	220 (55.1)	26 (6.1)	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.6
Cough
No	52 (12.2)	7 (1.7)	Referent		Referent
Yes	375 (87.8)	42 (9.8)	1.9 (1.2–1.7)	< 0.001	1.5 (1.1–1.4)	< 0.001
Fever
No	309 (27.6)	10 (2.4)	Referent		Referent
Yes	118 (72.4)	39 (9.1)	1.5 (1.1–2.9)	0.07	0.6 (0.3–1.09)	0.6
Shortness of breath
No	209 (48.9)	24 (5.6)	Referent
Yes	218 (51.1)	25 (5.9)	1.1 (0.7–1.6)	0.4
Loss of Weight
No	138 (32.3)	11 (2.6)	Referent
Yes	289 (67.7)	38 (8.9)	1.3 (0.9–2.1)	0.1
Loss of Appetite
No	112 (26.2)	11 (2.6)	Referent
Yes	315 (73.8)	38 (8.9)	0.9 (0.6–1.4)	0.7
Hemoptysis
No	313 (73.3)	36 (8.4)	Referent
Yes	114 (26.7)	13 (3.1)	0.4 (1.2–1.6)	0.8
Comorbidities
No	355 (83.1)	41 (9.6)	Referent
Yes	72 (16.9)	8 (1.9)	1.6 (1.2–1.5)	< 0.001	1.7 (1.1–1.6)	< 0.001

Note: The bold numerals signify the significant p-values.

Abbreviations: OR, Odd Ratio; aOR, Adjusted Odds Ratio.