Functional dysphonia: strategies to improve patient outcomes

Figures & data

Table 1 Main self-assessment questionnaires for investigating the impact of FD, original country of development, and validation in other countries

Name of instrument and mains aspects	Original country	Validation in other countries
Voice Handicap Index (VHI) – 30-item questionnaire: total, functional, organic, and emotional domains	USA^Citation16	Germany,^Citation37 Taiwan,^Citation38 Portugal,^Citation39 France,^Citation40 Poland,^Citation41 UK,^Citation42 Germany,^Citation43 the Netherlands,^Citation44 Israel,^Citation45 Scotland,^Citation46 Spain,^Citation47 People’s Republic of China,^Citation48 Turkey,^Citation49 Sweden,^Citation50 Brazil,^Citation51 Italy,^Citation52 Greece,^Citation53 Saudi Arabia,^Citation54 Norway,^Citation55 Japan,^Citation56 Iran,^Citation57 Croatia,^Citation58 and Latvia^Citation59
Voice Handicap Index 10 (VHI-10) reduced version – 10-item questionnaire: total score	USA^Citation60	People’s Republic of China,^Citation61 Israel,^Citation62 Brazil,^Citation63 Spain,^Citation47 and Italy^Citation64
Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL) – 10-item questionnaire: total score, physical functioning domain, and social–emotional domain	USA^Citation17	Germany,^Citation65 Brazil,^Citation66 and India^Citation67
Vocal Performance Questionnaire (VPQ) – 12-item questionnaire: total score	UK^Citation18	Brazil^Citation68
Voice Activity and Participation Profile (VAPP) – 28-item questionnaire, five aspects: total score and scores on self-perceived severity of voice problem, effect on job, effect on daily communication, effect on social communication, and effect on emotion. Two extra-scores for activity and participation	People’s Republic of China (Hong Kong)^Citation19	Finland,^Citation69 Brazil,^Citation70 and Italy^Citation71
Voice Symptom Scale (VoiSS) – 30-item questionnaire: total, impairment, emotional, and physical domains	UK^Citation20	Brazil^Citation72

Abbreviation: FD, functional dysphonia.

Figure 1 Flowchart with strategies to improve FD patient outcome.

Abbreviation: FD, functional dysphonia.

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