Sexual harassment in public transportation among female student in Kathmandu valley

Figures & data

Figure 1 Sexual harassment, types, psychological effects, and marital status.

Table 1 Background characteristics, age, marital status, religions, caste, mode of transportation, type of harassment among female students

Characteristics	Number (n=280)	Percent (%)
Age
17–19 years	69	24.64
20–23 years	185	66.07
24–27 years	26	9.28
Caste
Bhramin/Chetri	174	62.1
Janajati	101	36.1
Others (Dalit, Muslim, Madeshi, Puri)	5	1.8
Religion
Hindu	242	86.4
Buddha	27	9.6
Others (Kirat, Muslim)	11	4
Harassment
Yes	219	78.21
No	61	21.78
Harassment by marital status (219)
Unmarried	118	53.88
Married	101	46.11
Type of harassment on unmarried women (n=118)
Physical	50	42.37
Verbal	17	14.40
Non-verbal	51	43.22
Type of harassment on married women (n=101)
Physical	39	38.61
Verbal	15	14.85
Non-verbal	47	46.53
Public transportation
Used	229	82
Not used	51	18
Harassment by last 12 month
Yes	187	85.38
No	32	14.61

Table 2 Distribution of harassment by person, place, time, living with, travel frequency, and effects of harassment among female students in Kathmandu valley

Characteristics	Number (n=219)	Percent (%)
Traveling frequency
Daily	212	96.8
Sometimes	7	3.2
Travel by
Bus	195	89.44
Micro-bus	19	8.71
Tempo	5	2.28
Time of travel
Morning	89	40.63
Afternoon	32	14.61
Evening	98	44.74
Harassed by
Passenger	107	48.85
Co-male passenger (same seat)	100	45.66
Conductor	12	5.47
Living with
With family	33	15.06
Single/alone	186	84.93
Effect of harassment
Physical	24	10.95
Psychological	195	89.04

Table 3 Factors associated with sexual harassment and its determinates among female student in Kathmandu valley

Variable	Univariate  (95% CI)	P-value	Multivariate  (95% CI)	P-value
Marital Status
Married	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
Unmarried	1.84 (1.01, 3.33)		2.88 (0.78, 10.65)
Residency
Not far from campus (>4 km)	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
Far from campus (<4 km)	7.54 (1.77, 12.05)		9.02 (0.56, 14.03)
Living with
With family or friends	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
Single	14.45 (7.45, 28.05)		10.44 (2.83, 38.46)
Time of travelling
Morning	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
Afternoon	0.05 (0.02, 0.12)		0.12 (0.03, 0.52)
Evening	1.59 (0.49, 5.2)		1.81 (0.29, 11.24)
Frequency of travel
Daily	1	<0.001	1	<0.001
Sometime	0.01 (0, 0.02)		0.01 (0, 0.03)