Psychometric Properties of a Questionnaire on Brucellosis Prevention Behaviors Based on the PRECEDE Model Among Rural Farmers and Their Family Members

Figures & data

Table 1 Frequency Distribution of Demographic and Other Factors of Understudied Population

Variables		N	%
Gender	Male	271	54.2
	Female	229	45.8
Marital status	Marriage	448	89.6
	Single	52	10.4
Education level	Literacy for reading and writing	84	16.8
	Primary school	216	43.2
	High School	165	33
	Academic	35	7
Do you have cows, sheep or goats?	Yes	489	97.8
	No	11	2.2
Where are your livestock kept?	Inside the house	263	52.6
	Outside the house	237	47.4
What is your dairy consumption?	local	425	85.9
	Pasteurized	75	14.1
Family history of having brucellosis	Yes	122	24.6
	No	378	76.4
Season of prevalence	Spring	320	64
	Sumer	132	26.4
	Autumn	12	2.4
	Winter	36	7.2

Figure 1 Schematic process of the reduction of the items.

Table 2 Cronbach’s Alpha and CVR and CVI Constructs

Variables	Items	Cronbach’s Alpha	CVR	CVI
Knowledge	4	0.79	0.77	0.82
Attitude	4	081	0.78	0.72
Self-efficacy	3	0. 70	0.76	0.8
Social support	4	0.74	0.68	0.95
Enabling factors	3	0.69	0.78	0.81
Behavioral factors	8	0.87	0.87	0.72
Environmental factors	3	0.77	0.71	0.81
Reinforcing factors	7	0.86	0.77	0.88

Figure 2 CFA-based relations between the items and the constructs.

Abbreviations: A, knowledge; N, attitude; T, reinforcing factor; M, environment; H, social support; KH, self-efficacy; D, enabling factor.

Table 3 CVR, CVI, Impact score and Factor loading of the PRECEDE-QBPB

Variables		Items	CVR	CVI	Impact Score	Factor Loading
Predisposing factors	Knowledge	Brucellosis transfers through respiration.	0.8	0.81	2.73	0.547
		Raw and half-cooked meat can be effective in transferring brucellosis.	0.8	0.83	4.4	0.520
		Muscle pain and night sweating are symptoms of brucellosis.	0.79	0.84	3	0.648
		Touching aborted cattle fetuses can lead to brucellosis in humans.	0.8	0.79	2.1	0.535
	Attitude	Boiling milk spoils its usefulness.	0.8	0.81	4.1	0.353
		I use Falleh (a local food prepared by mixing not-boiled milk and colostrum) because it is delicious and useful.	1	0.79	3.2	0.482
		I think sheep do not need vaccination.	0.82	0.84	2.8	0.734
		The delicious taste of local cheese overweighs its risks.	0.81	0.84	2.5	0.760
	Self-efficacy	I can use gloves when working in the barn.	0.7	0.8	2.9	0.652
		I vaccinate my sheep on-time even if it has a high cost.	0.78	0.85	3.2	0.650
		I can avoid fresh local cheese even if it is delicious.	0.8	0.8	2.9	0.405
Reinforcement factors		If I wore gloves during milking the cattle, my family members will encourage me.	0.72	0.79	4.1	0.661
		Health workers encourage me to consume milk and pasteurized dairy products.	0.85	0.81	2.2	0.637
		If I do not use mask and glove during cleaning the barn, healthcare provider warns me about its risks.	0.8	0.79	2.9	0.740
		If I use non-pasteurized and unhealthy dairy products, healthcare providers object to me.	0.75	0.8	1.57	0.671
		My family encourages me to use a glove when slaughtering the cattle.	0.87	0.81	2.9	0.724
		If I do brucellosis preventive behaviors, healthcare providers and trustees in the village encourage me.	0.83	0.79	3.6	0.750
		If I do not use health principles in building the barn, the healthcare provider/village governor introduces me to the legal authorities.	0.71	0.0.79	3.4	0.670
Environmental factors		Is the place of disposing of animal waste far from the village?	0.75	0.8	3.2	0.510
		Is your barn old and worn and needs restructuring?	0.84	0.79	2.4	0.741
		Is there a standard trough and stall for cattle in your barn?	0.8	0.8	2.9	0.827
Social support		Are required facilities provided by the related organizations for you?	0.7	0.86	1.7	0.636
		Is there interesting educational material and film about brucellosis provided by the health center?	0.62	0.85	4.5	0.616
		Is taking blood sample and brucellosis test by veterinarian done to detect the infected cattle?	0.7	0.82	2.8	0.600
		Does the veterinary office follow and support the on-time vaccination of cattle?	0.07	0.9	4.6	0.697
Enabling factors		I have access to individual protective devices (masks and gloves) in my living place.	0.87	0.8	4.4	0.716
		I have access to disinfecting materials to cleanse the barn in my living place.	0.81	0.81	2.8	0.745
		I have provided access to cattle vaccination services.	0.79	0.85	3.7	0.711
Behavioral factors		I use a mask when entering the barn.	0.8	0.8	2.9	0.743
		I place local cheese in saline water at least for 2 months.	0.89	0.9	2.07	0.577
		I vaccinate my cattle on time.	0.78	0.85	3.2	0.679
		In the case of cattle abortion, I inform the veterinarian’s office	0.68	0.81	3.2	0.576
		I use a glove to chop the meat.	0.6	0.79	3.4	0.734
		In the case of abortion, I bury it with observing hygiene guides.	0.8	0.82	3.7	0.610
		I use masking and gloves during cleansing the barn.	0.84	0.85	4.3	0.748
		I consume colostrum of sheep.	0.74	0.9	2.9	0.718

Table 4 Goodness-of-fit indices for the Model Proposed

Goodness of Fit Indices	X^2	df	X^2/df	CFI	AGFI	RMSEA	PNFI	PCFI	IFI	p-value
Confirmatory factor analysis	1640.400	562	2.919	0.901	0.805	0.062	0.700	0.754	0.901	p <0.001