Prevalence of Workplace Violence and Associated Factors Against Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Gamogofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018 (n=348)

Variables	Category	Workplace Violence
		Yes, n (%)	No, n (%)	Total, n(%)
Age in years	18–30	103 (68.7)	139 (70.2)	242 (69.5)
	31–40	26 (17.3)	40 (20.2)	66 (19.0)
	>40	21 (14.0)	19 (9.6)	40 (11.5)
Sex of participant	Male	59 (39.3)	92 (46.5)	151 (43.4)
	Female	91 (60.7)	106 (53.5)	197 (56.6)
Marital status	Live without spouse	65 (43.3)	65 (32.8)	130 (37.4)
	Live with spouse	85 (56.7)	133 (67.2)	218 (62.6)
Educational level	Have no Bachelor degree	102 (68.0)	143 (72.2)	245 (70.4)
	Bachelor degree	48 (32.0)	55 (27.8)	103 (29.6)
Immigration to a place of work	Yes	100 (66.7)	111 (56.1)	211 (60.6)
	No	50 (33.3)	87 (43.9)	137 (39.4)
Income in dollars	55–147	84 (6.0)	123 (62.1)	207 (59.5)
	147.1–239	51 (34.0)	67 (33.8)	118 (33.9)
	>239	15 (10.0)	8 (4.0)	23 (6.6)
Alcohol drinking	Yes	48 (32.0)	29 (14.6)	77 (22.1)
	No	102 (68.0)	169 (85.4)	271 (77.9)
Chewing chat	Yes	23 (15.3)	8 (4.0)	31 (8.9)
	No	127 (84.7)	190 (96.0)	317 (91.1)
Place of work	Hospital	105 (70.0)	143 (72.2)	248 (71.3)
	Health center	45 (30.0)	55 (27.8)	100 (28.7)
Work experience	<10 years	111 (74.0)	162 (81.8)	273 (78.4)
	≥10 years	39 (26.0)	36 (18.2)	75 (21.6)
Working ward	Pediatrics	30 (20.0)	39 (19.7)	69 (19.8)
	Gyn/Obs	35 (23.3)	54 (27.3)	8 9(25.6)
	Medical	13 (8.7)	22 (11.1)	35 (10.1)
	Surgical	21 (14.0)	23 (11.6)	44 (12.6)
	OPD	31 (20.7)	45 (22.7)	76 (21.8)
	Emergency	17 (11.3)	13 (6.6)	30 (8.6)
	Other	3 (2.0)	2 (1.0)	5 (1.4)
Working at night	Yes	132 (88.0)	179 (90.4)	311 (89.4)
	No	18 (12.0)	19 (9.6)	37 (10.6)
Working in shift	Yes	134 (89.3)	176 (88.9)	310 (89.1)
	No	16 (10.7)	22 (11.1)	38 (10.9)
Sex of patient most frequently work with	Male	33 (22.0)	57 (28.8)	90 (25.9)
	Female	69 (46.0)	97 (49.0)	166 (47.7)
	Both	48 (32.0)	44 (22.2)	92 (26.4)
Sex of immediate supervisor	Male	113 (75.3)	143 (72.2)	256 (73.6)
	Female	37 (24.7)	55 (27.8)	92 (26.4)
Type of employment	Full time	147 (98.0)	196 (99.0)	343 (98.6)
	Part-time	3 (2.0)	2 (1.0)	5 (1.4)

Table 2 Physical Violence Against Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Gamogofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent (%)
Physical violence	Yes	47	13.5
	No	301	86.5
Incident type	With a weapon	7	14.9
	Without weapon	40	85.5
Consider as typical violence	Yes	29	61.7
	No	18	38.3
Physical perpetrator	Patient/client	12	25.5
	Staff member	2	4.3
	External colleague/worker	2	4.3
	Relatives of patient/client	26	55.3
	Supervisor	4	8.5
Sex of perpetrator	Male	44	93.6
	Female	3	6.4
Perpetrator in anxiety	Yes	9	19.1
	No	30	63.8
	I do not know	8	17.0
Perpetrator mental illness	Yes	1
	No	40	85.1
	I do not know	6	12.8
Place of physical violence	Inside health institution	41	87.2
	Outside health institution	6	12.8
Time of physical violence	Evening	19	40.4
	Day	28	59.6
Physically injured	No	40	85.1
	Yes	7	14.9
Seek treatment for physical injury (n=7)	No	2
	Yes	5	71.4
Took an action for physical violence	Yes	22	46.8
	No	25	53.2

Table 3 Verbal Abuse, Bullying/Mobbing, and Sexual Harassment Against Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Southern Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	Category	Verbal Abuse		Bullying/Mobbing		Sexual Harassment
		Frequency	Percent (%)	Frequency	Percent (%)	Frequency	Percent (%)
Violence in the past 12 months (n=348)	Yes	98	28.2	36	10.3	25	7.2
	No	250	71.8	312	89.7	323	92.8
How often abused	Sometimes	62	63.3	22	61.1	8	32
	Once	36	36.7	14	38.9	17	68
Perpetrator of the violence	Patient/client	12	12.2	4	11.1	1
	Staff member	18	18.4	7	19.4	10	40.0
	External colleague/worker	4	4.1	2	5.6	0
	Relatives of patient/client	46	46.9	13	36.1	1
	Supervisor	15	15.3	5	13.9	8	32.0
	General public	3	3.0	5	13.9	5	20.0
Perpetrator’s sex	Male	79	80.6	26	72.2	19	76.0
	Female	19	19.4	10	27.8	6	24.0
Perpetrator in anxiety?	Yes	28	28.6	5	13.9	0
	No	53	54.1	22	61.1	23	92.0
	I do not know	17	17.3	9	25.0	2
Was perpetrator mentally ill	Yes	3	3.1	2	5.6	0
	No	82	83.7	27	75.0	24	96.0
	I do not know	13	13.3	7	19.4	1
Consider as typical violence	No	29	29.6	13	36.1	3	12.0
	Yes	69	70.4	23	63.9	22	88.0
Place of violence	Inside health institution	92	93.9	35	97.2	20	80
	Outside health institution	6	6.1	1		5	20
Time of verbal abuse	Evening	28	28.6	12	33.3	5	20
	Day time	70	71.4	24	66.7	20	80

Table 4 Factors Associated with Workplace Violence Against Nurses Working in Public Health Facilities in Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	Category	Workplace Violence		COR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
		Yes	No
Sex of respondent	Male	59	92	1		1
	Female	91	106	1.34 (0.87, 2.06)	0.184	1.98 (1.21, 3.25)**	0.007
Marital status	Living without spouse	65	65	1.56 (1.01, 2.42)	0.045	1.98 (1.22, 3.22)**	0.006
	Living with a spouse	85	133	1		1
Immigration to a place of work	Yes	100	111	1.568 (1.01, 2.43)	0.045	1.47 (0.91, 2.37)	0.118
	No	50	87	1		1
Work experience	<10 years	111	162	0.63 (0.38, 1.06)	0.080	0.67 (0.36, 1.22)	0.191
	≥10 years	39	36	1		1
Drinking alcohol	Yes	48	29	2.742 (1.62, 4.62)	0.0001	1.88 (1.03, 3.44)**	0.04
	No	102	169	1		1
Chewing chat	Yes	23	8	4.30 (1.87, 9.92)	0.001	3.24 (1.25, 8.45)**	0.016
	No	127	190	1		1
Sex of patient most frequently work with	Male	33	57	0.531 (0.29, 0.96)	0.036	0.61 (0.32, 1.18)	0.143
	Female	69	97	0.652 (0.39, 1.089)	0.102	0.76 (0.43, 1.35)	0.350
	Both	48	44	1		1

Note: **Shows P<0.05.