Estimation of Gestational Age Using Neonatal Anatomical Anthropometric Parameters in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution of the study samples for each age of the woman in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.

Figure 2 Break-up of the study sample for each gestational age in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Residence	Rural	262	61.8%
	Urban	162	38.2%
Sex of neonate	Male	216	50.9%
	Female	208	49.1%
Status of newborn	Preterm (<37 weeks)	64	15.1%
	Term (37–42 weeks)	360	84.9%
Level of educational	Cannot read and write	40	9.4%
	Can read and write	18	4.2%
	Primary	157	37%
	Secondary	160	37.7%
	Higher education	49	11.6%
Occupation	None employed	22	5.2%
	Housewife	358	84.4%
	Employed in governmental institution	29	6.8%
	Employed in non-governmental institution	13	3.1%
	Merchants	2	0.5%

Table 2 Descriptive Statistics of the Gestational Age of the Woman and Anatomical Anthropometric Parameters of the Neonate in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Parameters	Minimum	Maximum	Mean	Standard Deviation
Gestational age (weeks)	31.00	42.00	38.03	1.85
Head circumference (cm)	33.00	40.50	36.40	1.81
Intermammary distance (cm)	4.90	11.50	8.88	0.83
Umbilical nipple distance (cm)	8.30	13.00	10.01	8.30
Mid-upper arm circumference (cm)	8.50	12.30	10.77	0.68
Hand length (cm)	5.30	10.50	7.18	0.71
Foot length (cm)	6.00	10.00	8.01	0.74
Crown heel length (cm)	32	58.00	49.66	3.18
Weight (kg)	2.20	4.50	3.17	0.41

Table 3 Correlation Between Gestational Age and Neonatal Anthropometric Parameters in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Parameters	Gestational Age
	r	p
Head circumference (cm)	0.149	0.002
Intermammary distance (cm)	0.228	0.000
Umbilical nipple distance (cm)	0.169	0.000
Mid-upper arm circumference (cm)	0.406	0.000
Hand length (cm)	−0.018	0.718
Foot length (cm)	0.143	0.003
Crown heel length (cm)	0.115	0.018
Birth weight (kg)	0.334	0.000

Notes: r = Pearson’s correlation coefficient; P = level of significance (<0.05).

Table 4 Gestational Age Estimation from Neonatal Anthropometric Parameters in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

Parameters	R	R^2	Adjusted R^2	SEE	Regression Equations GA (Weeks)	Sig.
Head circumference (cm)	0.149	0.022	0.020	1.83	32.48+[0.15×HC(cm)]	0.002
Intermammary distance (cm)	0.228	0.052	0.050	1.81	33.51+[0.51×IMD (cm)]	0.000
Umbilical nipple distance (cm)	0.169	0.029	0.026	1.83	34.22+[0.38×UND (cm)]	0.000
Mid-upper arm circumference (cm)	0.406	0.165	0.163	1.69	26.12+[1.11×MUAC (cm)]	0.000
Foot length (cm)	0.143	0.020	0.018	1.84	35.17+ [0.36×FL (cm)]	0.003
Crown heel length (cm)	0.115	0.013	0.011	1.84	34.72+[0.07×CHL (cm)]	0.018
Birth weight (kg)	0.334	0.112	0.109	1.75	33.19+ [1.53×BW (kg)]	0.000
HL, MUAC and BW	0.458	0.210	0.204	1.65	28.12-[0.393×HL (cm)]+[1.07×BW (kg)]+[0.87×MUAC (cm)]	0.000

Notes: R, correlation coefficient; R², coefficient of determination.

Abbreviations: SEE, standard error of estimate; Sig., significance (P<0.05); GA, gestational age; HC, head circumference; IMD, intermammary distance; UND, umbilical nipple distance; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; FL, foot length; CHL, crown-heel length; HL, hand length; BW, birth weight.

Table 5 Assessment of the Prediction Accuracy of the Formulated Regression Models in Dessie Referral Hospital, Northeast Ethiopia

No.	Regression Models	MAE	MAPE	Sig.
1	32.48+[0.15×HC(cm)]	1.32	3.56%	0.002
2	33.51+[0.51×IMD (cm)]	1.30	3.49%	0.000
3	34.22+[0.38×UND (cm)]	1.28	3.46%	0.000
4	26.12+[1.11×MUAC (cm)]	1.23	3.31%	0.000
5	35.17+ [0.36×FL (cm)]	1.31	3.53%	0.003
6	34.72+[0.07×CHL (cm)]	1.29	3.49%	0.018
7	33.19+ [1.53×BW (kg)]	1.29	3.49%	0.000
8	28.12-[0.393×HL (cm)]+[1.07×BW (kg)]+[0.87×MUAC (cm)]	1.21	3.27%	0.000

Abbreviations: Sig., significance (P<0.05); GA, gestational age; HC, head circumference; IMD, intermammary distance; UND, umbilical nipple distance; MAE, mean absolute error; MAPE, mean average percentage error; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; FL, foot length; CHL, crown-heel length; HL, hand length; BW, birth weight.