Evaluation of System Modelling Techniques for Waste Identification in Lean Healthcare Applications

Figures & data

Table 1 Participants in SMT Evaluation

No.	Job Title	Experience in HC (years)	Familiarity with HVI System	Experience and Purpose of in Using SMTs
1	Physician	25	Very familiar	On a regular basis - Quality related projects
2	Physician	14	A little	None
3	Physician	10	Medium	A couple of times - problem-solving projects
4	Department administrator	9	A little	A couple of times - workflows and employment purposes
5	Department administrator	10	Very familiar	Sometimes - engineering school
6	Practical nurse	8.5	Medium	None
7	Practical nurse	7	Very familiar	Sometimes - Clinical training purposes
8	Nurse and Stress test Technologist	10	Very familiar	None
9	EKG technologist	24	Very familiar	Sometimes - Clinical training purposes
10	Patient access registration (PAR)	8	Very familiar	Sometimes - Clinical training purposes and during university study
11	Patient access registration (PAR)	1.5	Very familiar	Sometimes - Clinical training purposes and during university study
12	Health unit coordinator (HUC)	11	Very familiar	A couple of times - Clinical training purposes

Table 2 Summary Statistics of SMT Evaluation (n = 12)

Statement on Usefulness in Waste Identification	Organisational Diagram				Information Diagram				Task Diagram				Flow Diagram				Communication Diagram				System Diagram				Value Stream Map
	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR	Mean	Standard Deviation	Median	Inter Quartile Range, IQR
Ease of understanding	4.6	0.7	4.0	1.0	4.2	0.8	4.0	1.3	4.5	0.5	4.5	1.0	4.5	0.9	5.0	1.0	4.3	1.2	5.0	1.0	4.1	1.4	5.0	1.3	4.3	0.7	4	1
Understanding and communicating the system operations	4.3	1.0	4.5	1	4.2	0.7	4.0	1	4.3	0.5	4.0	1	4.3	0.7	4.0	1	4.4	0.7	4.5	1	4.3	0.9	4.5	1	4.6	0.5	5.0	1
General usefulness in waste identification	3.6	1.4	4.0	1.25	4.2	0.7	4.0	1	4.3	0.7	4.0	1	4.3	0.9	4.0	1	4.1	0.9	4.0	1	4.3	1.0	4.5	1	4.4	0.7	4.5	1
Particular usefulness in identifying overproduction waste	2.8	1.5	2.0	2.25	3.2	1.6	4.0	2.5	3.7	1.3	4.0	0	4.1	0.9	4.0	1	3.6	1.4	4.0	2.25	3.7	1.2	4.0	1.25	4.2	0.8	4.0	1
Particular usefulness in identifying inventory waste	2.3	1.5	2.0	3	2.4	1.2	2.5	2.25	3.0	1.5	3.5	2.25	3.3	1.5	3.5	3	3.7	1.2	4.0	1.25	3.3	1.2	4.0	1.25	4.1	1.0	4.0	1.25
Particular usefulness in identifying defect waste	2.2	1.3	2.0	2	3.2	1.5	4.0	2.25	2.7	1.4	2.5	2.25	3.2	1.6	3.0	3	3.7	1.3	4.0	2	3.7	1.2	4.0	1.25	3.8	1.3	4.0	2
Particular usefulness in identifying over-processing waste	2.2	1.5	1.5	2.25	3.8	1.0	4.0	0	3.6	1.1	4.0	0.25	4.3	1.1	5.0	1.25	4.3	0.7	4.0	1	3.7	1.2	4.0	2.25	4.2	1.2	4.5	1
Particular usefulness in identifying motion waste	2.4	1.4	2.0	3	2.6	1.5	2.0	3	3.5	1.2	4.0	0.25	4.3	0.9	4.5	1	4.1	1.1	4.0	1	3.8	1.3	4.0	1.25	4.4	0.8	5.0	1
Particular usefulness in identifying transportation waste	1.8	1.2	1.0	1.25	2.8	1.3	3.5	2.25	3.6	1.4	4.0	2.25	4.2	1.1	4.5	1	3.8	1.2	4.0	0.5	3.7	1.4	4.0	2.25	4.2	0.8	4.0	1.25
Particular usefulness in identifying waiting waste	1.9	1.2	1.5	1.25	2.6	1.5	2.0	3	3.6	1.2	4.0	1.25	4.2	1.2	5.0	1.25	4.0	1.0	4.0	1.25	3.8	1.3	4.0	2	4.7	0.7	5.0	0.25
Particular usefulness in identifying human potential waste	3.0	1.3	3.0	2	2.4	1.3	2.0	3	3.6	1.1	4.0	1	3.8	1.2	4.0	0.5	3.9	1.2	4.0	1.25	4.1	0.8	4.0	0.25	4.3	0.7	4.0	1

Figure 1 The general usability and utility of SMTs in waste identification.

Figure 2 Usefulness of SMTs in Identifying Particular Waste Type.

Table 3 SMTs and Waste Types

SMT Type Waste Type	Organizational Diagram	Information Diagram	Task Diagram	Flow Diagram	Communication Diagram	System Diagram	Value Stream Map
Overproduction				✓			✔
Inventory							✔
Defect							✓
Over-processing				✔	✔		✓
Motion				✓	✓		✔
Transportation				✓			✔
Waiting				✓	✓		✔
Human Potential						✓	✔