Factors Associated with Turnover Intention Among Healthcare Workers During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic in China

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics (n = 1403)

Characteristics	Frequency	Row %
Gender
Male	444	31.6
Female	959	68.4
Age (years)
20–29	446	31.8
30–39	706	50.3
40–49	182	13.0
50–59	69	4.9
Risk zone
Low-risk area	192	13.7
Medium risk area	1072	76.4
High-risk area	139	9.9
Work at a designated hospital for COVID-19
Yes	819	58.4
No	584	41.6
Organization
Grade III hospital	1020	72.7
Grade II hospital	180	12.8
Basic medical institution	95	6.8
Infectious hospital	8	0.6
Others	100	7.1
Marital status
Never married	403	28.7
Married	981	69.9
Divorced	17	1.2
Widowed	2	0.1
Education
Junior college	98	7.0
Bachelor	762	54.3
Master	471	33.6
Doctor	72	5.1
Job type
Doctor	845	60.2
Nurse	344	24.5
Technician	92	6.6
Pharmacist	18	1.3
CDC	13	0.9
Others	91	6.5
Technical title
None	123	8.8
Elementary	608	43.3
Intermediate	459	32.7
Senior	213	15.2

Figure 1 Sociodemographic characteristics by turnover intention (n = 1403).

Figure 2 COVID-19 pandemic related factors by turnover intention (n = 1403).

Figure 3 Patient-physician related factors by turnover intention (n = 1403).

Figure 4 Psychosocial factors by turnover intention (n = 1403).

Table 2 Association Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and COVID-19 Pandemic-Related Factors, Patient-Physician Related Factors, and Psychosocial Factors (Presented as Odds Ratios (OR)) (n = 1403)

Characteristics	Model (1)	Model (2)	Model (3)	Model (4)
	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
Sociodemographic
Age (years)
20–29	Reference
30–39	1.38 (0.88,2.16)	1.41 (0.89,2.23)	1.48 (0.93,2.37)	1.46 (0.90,2.37)
40–49	0.72 (0.36,1.47)	0.76 (0.37,1.57)	0.84 (0.40,1.75)	0.79 (0.37,1.70)
50–59	0.39 (0.11,1.37)	0.50 (0.14,1.76)	0.63 (0.18,2.23)	0.62 (0.17,2.25)
Organization
Grade III hospital	Reference
Grade II hospital	1.77 (1.10,2.86) *	1.93 (1.19,3.15) **	1.87 (1.14,3.08) *	1.78 (1.06,2.97) *
Basic medical institution	0.36 (0.12,1.06)	0.42 (0.14,1.24)	0.36 (0.12,1.08)	0.35 (0.11,1.06)
Infectious hospital	1.64 (0.18,15.07)	1.48 (0.14,16.2)	2.03 (0.18,22.9)	1.69 (0.13,21.27)
Others	1.00 (0.46,2.15)	0.97 (0.44,2.16)	0.85 (0.38,1.90)	0.89 (0.39,2.05)
Job type
Doctor	Reference
Nurse	0.67 (0.41,1.11)	0.75 (0.45,1.27)	0.83 (0.49,1.40)	0.81 (0.47,1.39)
Technician	0.34 (0.11,0.99) *	0.32 (0.11,0.97) *	0.34 (0.11,1.03)	0.30 (0.09,0.93) *
Pharmacist	0.44 (0.05,3.58)	0.37 (0.04,3.03)	0.33 (0.04,2.83)	0.36 (0.04,3.07)
CDC	0.66 (0.07,5.94)	0.55 (0.06,5.37)	0.73 (0.07,7.54)	0.49 (0.04,5.63)
Others	1.47 (0.71,3.03)	1.14 (0.53,2.45)	1.4 (0.64,3.05)	1.24 (0.55,2.80)
Working time (hours/day)
≤8	Reference
8–12	1.50 (0.99,2.27)	1.57 (1.02,2.40) *	1.53 (0.99,2.37)	1.38 (0.88,2.15)
12–24	3.42 (1.80,6.51) ***	4.32 (2.21,8.45) ***	3.71 (1.85,7.43) ***	2.92 (1.41,6.04) **
Self-rated health
Excellent	Reference
Good	1.66 (1.04,2.65) *	1.61 (1.00,2.60) *	1.53 (0.95,2.48)	1.22 (0.73,2.02)
General	4.17 (2.41,7.24) ***	3.70 (2.10,6.51) ***	2.93 (1.63,5.24) ***	1.75 (0.95,3.25)
Poor	13.06 (3.09,55.12) ***	10.97 (2.61,46) **	7.40 (1.59,34.50) *	4.86 (0.95,24.84)
Pandemic related factors
Frequency of mask replacement
≤4h		Reference
4–8h		3.82 (1.15,12.71) *	3.99 (1.18,13.47) *	3.51 (1.03,12.03) *
8–12h		2.41 (0.69,8.42)	2.59 (0.73,9.19)	2.27 (0.63,8.10)
12–24h		3.34 (0.92,12.15)	3.52 (0.95,13.01)	2.80 (0.75,10.52)
>24h		4.03 (1.17,13.85) *	4.40 (1.26,15.33) *	3.35 (0.95,11.82)
Trained for COVID-19
Yes		Reference
No		2.44 (1.12,5.36) *	2.43 (1.09,5.41) *	2.25 (0.96,5.25)
Volunteer to the frontline
Yes		Reference
No		1.89 (1.26,2.81) **	1.84 (1.23,2.76) **	1.68 (1.10,2.56) *
Concerned about income being affected by COVID-19
Yes		1.46 (0.99,2.17)	1.36 (0.91,2.03)	1.23 (0.81,1.86)
No		Reference
Patient-physician related factors
Discriminated against for nature of their job
Yes			1.21 (0.76,1.94)	0.93 (0.57,1.52)
No			Reference
Medical workplace violence
Yes			1.99 (1.27,3.09) **	1.51 (0.95,2.39)
No			Reference
Patient-physician relations compared to before
Better			Reference
No change			1.76 (1.15,2.68) **	1.73 (1.12,2.67) *
Worse			1.80 (0.85,3.83)	1.59 (0.73,3.48)
Social psychological factors
Depression
No				Reference
Yes				2.21 (1.31,3.73) **
Anxiety
No				Reference
Yes				1.73 (0.97,3.08)
Stress
No				Reference
Yes				1.39 (0.82,2.33)
Social support
Low				3.45 (1.24,9.62) **
Middle				1.75 (1.14,2.67) **
High				Reference
Nagelkerke’s R2	0.156	0.197	0.223	0.288

Notes: Model (1): Sociodemographic. Model (2): Sociodemographic + COVID-19 Pandemic related factors. Model (3): Sociodemographic + COVID-19 Pandemic related factors + Patient-physician related factors. Model (4): Sociodemographic + COVID-19 Pandemic related factors + Patient-physician related factors + Psychosocial factors. *P<0.05. **P<0.01. ***P<0.001.

Figure 5 Associations between the number of syndemic conditions and turnover intention among healthcare workers.