Hospital Work Conditions and the Mediation Role of Burnout: Residents and Practicing Physicians Reporting Adverse Events

Figures & data

Figure 1 The theoretical framework of the study. Provided in a separate file with 300 dpi.

Table 1 Demographics of Studied Participants

Characteristic	Frequency (%)	Characteristic	Frequency (%)
Gender		Academic rank
Female	110 (44.2%)	Assistant professor	45 (18.1%)
Male	139 (55.8%)	Associate professor	11 (4.4%)
Age		Professor	5 (2%)
20–29	65 (26.1%)	Others	195 (95.5%)
30–39	110 (44.2%)	Employment status
40–49	41 (16.5%)	Full-time	247 (99.2%)
≥50	33 (13.2%)	Part-time	2 (8%)
Nationality		Years of practice
Saudi	168 (67.5%)	<1	21 (8.4%)
Non-Saudi	81 (32.5%)	1–4	61 (24.5%)
Marital status		5–9	64 (25.7%)
Single	45 (18.1%)	10–14	44 (17.7%)
Married	201 (80.7%)	≥15	59 (23.7%)
Others	3 (1.2%)	Speciality
Job title		General surgery	50 (20.1%)
Resident	94 (37.8%)	Internal medicine	49 (19.7%)
General practitioner	6 (2.4%)	Paediatric	28 (11.2%)
Specialist	31 (12.4%)	Obstetrics and Gynaecology	45 (18.1%)
Registrar	26 (10.4%)	Emergency medicine	27 (10.8%)
Consultant	87 (34.9%)	Anaesthesia	15 (6%)
Others	5 (2.0%)	Family medicine	35 (14.1%)

Table 2 The Mediation Effect of Burnout Dimensions Between the Effect of Leadership Support, Physician Engagement and Workload on the Residents and Practising Physicians Reported Adverse Events

Independent Variables	Value	Burnout-Emotional Exhaustion				Burnout-Interpersonal Disengagement		Model Summary
		a	b	c	c′	a	b	R^2	F	p
Leadership Support	B SE t p	−0.53*** 0.08 –6.83 0.000	−0.15** 0.05 –2.81 0.005	0.39*** 0.06 6.24 0.000	0.22*** 0.06 3.36 0.000	−0.43*** 0.07 –6.16 0.000	−0.21*** 0.06 –3.35 0.001	0.26	27.50	0.000
	a x b (LCI, UCI)	0.08 (0.016, 0.169)				0.09 (0.031, 0.161)
Physician Engagement	B SE t p	−0.67*** 0.08 –8.36 0.000	−0.14* 0.06 2.52 0.013	0.43*** 0.07 6.50 0.000	0.23** 0.07 3.20 0.002	−0.50*** 0.07 –6.74 0.000	−0.21*** 0.06 3.41 0.001	0.25	27.07	0.000
	a x b (LCI, UCI)	0.10 (0.009, 0.200)				0.10 (0.042, 0.183)
Workload	B SE t p	0.48*** 0.08 6.39 0.000	−0.16** 0.06 –2.74 0.007	−0.23*** 0.06 –3.73 0.000	−0.12 0.06 –1.91 0.057	0.15* 0.07 2.08 0.039	−0.26*** 0.06 –4.17 0.000	0.23	24.23	0.000
	a x b (LCI, UCI)	−0.08 (−0.154, −0.015)				−0.04 (−0.093, −0.002)

Notes: Significance: *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01 and ***: p<0.001. LCI, UCI: Lower and upper confidence intervals.

Figure 2 The mediation effect of burnout-emotional exhaustion and interpersonal disengagement in the relationship between work conditions and physicians reported adverse events. Provided in a separate file with 300 dpi.