Analysis of Risk Factors for Otitis Media with Effusion in Children with Adenoid Hypertrophy

Figures & data

Table 1 Distributions of 3 Scores (HAZ, WAZ, BAZ) of AH Children

	Z-Score*	HAZ	WAZ (AGE 3–10)	BAZ
Sum	<−2	10(1.13%)	24(2.81%)	85(9.58%)
	−1~−2	46(5.19%)	88(10.32%)	159(17.93%)
	−1~0	169(19.05%)	254(29.78%)	270(30.44%)
	0~1	285(32.13%)	249(29.19%)	185(20.86%)
	1~2	238(26.83%)	139(16.30%)	103(11.61%)
	≥2	139(15.67%)	99(11.61%)	85(9.58%)
	Sum	887(100.00%)	853(100.00%)	887(100.00%)
Boys	<−2	9(1.64%)	14(2.66%)	50(9.09%)
	−1~−2	32(5.82%)	55(10.46%)	98(17.82%)
	−1~0	104(18.91%)	149(28.33%)	161(29.27%)
	0~1	160(29.09%)	146(27.76%)	110(20.00%)
	1~2	150(27.27%)	89(16.92%)	69(12.55%)
	≥2	95(17.27%)	73(13.88%)	62(11.27%)
	Sum	550(100.00%)	526(100.00%)	550(100.00%)
Girls	<−2	1(0.30%)	10(3.06%)	35(10.39%)
	−1~−2	14(4.15%)	33(10.09%)	61(18.10%)
	−1~0	65(19.29%)	105(32.11%)	109(32.34%)
	0~1	125(37.09%)	103(31.50%)	75(22.26%)
	1~2	88(26.11%)	50(15.29%)	34(10.09%)
	≥2	44(13.06%)	26(7.95%)	23(6.82%)
	Sum	337(100.00%)	327(100.00%)	337(100.00%)

Notes: *Prevalence indicator of z-score: −2: Prevalence corresponding to <-2 SD, −1: Prevalence corresponding to < −1 SD, 1: Prevalence corresponding to>1 SD, 2: Prevalence corresponding to>2 SD.

Table 2 Comparison of BAZ for AH Children and Control Group

	AH children		Control group		χ^2	p-value
	Overweight	Obesity	Overweight	Obesity
Total	11.61%	9.58%	10.00%	7.70%	7.637	0.022*
Girls	10.09%	6.82%	9.40%	7.00%	0.186	0.911
Boys	12.55%	11.27%	10.60%	8.40%	8.943	0.011*

Note: *p<0.05:There is a statistically significant difference.

Table 3 Baselines of AH Children with and without OME Before PSM and After PSM

Variables	Before PSM		t/χ^2	p -value	After PSM		t/χ^2	p-value
	OME	NOME			OME	NOME
Subjects	143	744			142	275
Gender
Girls	59(41.26%)	278(37.37%)	0.772	0.380	59(41.55%)	112(40.73%)	0.026	0.872
Boys	84(58.74%)	466(62.63%)			83(58.45%)	163(59.27%)
Age	5.30±1.97	5.79±2.27	2.675	0.008*	5.27±1.95	5.24±1.93	−0.139	0.889
Duration	1.33±1.21	1.57±1.42	1.880	0.060	1.31±1.19	1.46±1.37	1.087	0.278
BAZ			1.875	0.866			3.101	0.684
	14(9.79%)	71(9.54%)			14(9.86%)	28(10.18%)
	31(21.68%)	128(17.20%)			31(21.83%)	46(16.73%)
	41(28.67%)	229(30.78%)			41(28.87%)	95(34.55%)
	27(18.89%)	158(21.24%)			26(18.31%)	56(20.36%)
	16(11.19%)	87(11.69%)			16(11.27%)	24(8.73%)
	14(9.79)	71(9.54%)			14(9.86%)	26(9.45%)
Tonsil Hypertrophy			3.642	0.303			1.734	0.629
1	33(23.08%)	127(17.07%)			33(23.24%)	59(21.45%)
2	47(32.87%)	280(37.63%)			47(33.10%)	109(39.64%)
3	34(23.78%)	166(22.31%)			34(23.94%)	58(21.09%)
4	29(20.28%)	171(22.98%)			28(19.72%)	49(17.82%)
Adenoid Hypertrophy			6.409	0.041*			0.135	0.935
2	6(4.20%)	55(7.39%)			5(3.52%)	9(3.27%)
3	42(29.37%)	277(37.23%)			42(29.58%)	86(31.27%)
4	95(66.43%)	412(55.38%)			95(66.90%)	180(65.45%)

Note: *p<0.05:There is a statistically significant difference.

Table 4 The Peripheral Blood Parameters Analysis Between OME and NOME After PSM

	OME	NOME	t/χ^2	p-value
WBC	7.74±2.00	7.22±1.89	2.583	0.010*
Platelets	356.07±93.33	323.87±66.63	3.658	<0.001*
Width of red blood cell distribution	37.24±2.50	37.44±2.36	−0.805	0.421
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio	1.24±0.68	1.13±0.62	1.592	0.112
Platelets to lymphocyte ratio	116.41±41.92	109.12±34.93	1.885	0.060
Neutrophils	3.72±1.55	3.31±1.42	2.720	0.007*
Neutrophils%	47.01±10.47	44.92±10.91	1.881	0.061
Lymphocyte	3.26±0.98	3.19±1.01	0.684	0.494
Lymphocytes%	43.39±10.57	45.16±10.83	−1.602	0.110
Monocytes	0.50±0.22	0.45±0.23	1.977	0.049*
Monocytes%	6.53±3.32	6.28±2.56	0.834	0.405
Eosinophils	0.22±0.18	0.23±0.20	−0.641	0.522
Eosinophils%	2.83±1.97	3.14±2.52	−1.295	0.196
Basophils	0.04±0.03	0.04±0.03	0.282	0.778
Basophils%	0.55±0.28	0.58±0.31	−0.984	0.326
Width of platelets distribution	10.27±1.97	10.19±1.71	0.398	0.691
Atopic
Yes	86(60.56%)	197(71.64%)	5.265	0.022*
No	56(39.44%)	78(28.36%)

Note: *p<0.05:There is statistically significant difference.

Table 5 Peripheral Blood Parameters Analysis in Different Age Sub-Groups

	Age Under 5		t/χ^2	p-value	Age Over 5		t/χ^2	p-value
	OME	NOME			OME	NOME
Subjects	97	176			45	99
WBC	7.67±2.04	7.37±1.94	1.231	0.219	7.87±1.95	6.96±1.78	2.758	0.007*
Platelets	354.89±94.89	325.28±66.09	2.73	0.007*	358.62±90.89	321.36±67.84	2.456	0.017*
Width of red blood cell distribution	36.84±2.19	37.22±2.55	−1.243	0.215	38.09±2.91	37.82±1.92	0.575	0.567
Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio	1.14±0.63	1.03±0.56	1.488	0.138	1.45±0.73	1.32±0.69	1.067	0.288
Platelets to lymphocyte ratio	111.80±39.74	102.14±31.29	2.212	0.028*	126.36±45.13	121.52±37.68	0.671	0.503
Neutrophils	3.56±1.57	3.26±1.43	1.645	0.101	4.06±1.48	3.40±1.41	2.558	0.014*
Neutrophils%	45.32±10.71	43.26±10.55	1.532	0.127	50.65±9.03	47.86±10.96	1.606	0.111
Lymphocyte	3.39±1.04	3.40±1.03	−0.048	0.962	2.99±0.77	2.83±0.87	1.058	0.292
Lymphocytes%	45.45±10.75	47.15±10.34	−1.280	0.201	38.94±8.74	41.64±10.84	−1.59	0.115
Monocytes	0.49±0.24	0.46±0.26	0.959	0.338	0.50±0.16	0.43±0.16	2.633	0.009*
Monocytes%	6.50±3.89	6.28±2.88	0.547	0.585	6.57±1.53	6.29±1.88	0.893	0.373
Eosinophils	0.19±0.16	0.21±0.19	−0.774	0.439	0.26±0.22	0.26±0.21	0.081	0.936
Eosinophils%	2.64±1.88	2.87±2.36	−0.846	0.398	3.23±2.12	3.62±2.72	0.832	0.407
Basophils	0.04±0.02	0.04±0.03	0.099	0.921	0.04±0.03	0.04±0.02	0.413	0.680
Basophils%	0.55±0.29	0.56±0.32	−0.174	0.862	0.54±0.27	0.61±0.30	1.436	0.153
Width of platelets distribution	9.74±1.24	9.92±1.42	−1.031	0.303	11.41±2.68	10.69±2.05	1.601	0.114
Atopic				0.155				0.054
Yes	59(60.82%)	122(69.32%)	2.019		27(60.00%)	75(75.76%)	3.718
No	38(39.18%)	54(30.68%)			18(40.00%)	24(24.24%)

Note: *p<0.05:There is a statistically significant difference.