Anxiety and Depression Among College Students During the COVID-19 Lockdown: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jiangsu, China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and Relevant Characteristics of Participants (n=1156)

Variable	Values	N (%)
Sex	Female	887 (76.7%)
	Male	269 (23.3%)
Grade	Freshman	208 (18.0%)
	Sophomore	272 (23.5%)
	Junior	266 (23.0%)
	Senior	226 (19.6%)
	Postgraduate	184 (15.9%)
University located in affected area	Yes	399 (34.5%)
	No	757 (65.5%)
Place of residence	Home	763 (66.0%)
	Dormitory or other places	393 (34.0%)
Living in affected area	Yes	416 (36.0%)
	No	740 (64.0%)
Origin of student	Urban area	583 (50.4%)
	Rural area	573 (49.6%)
Only child status	Only child	562 (48.6%)
	Nononly child	594 (51.4%)
Class peer leader	Yes	279 (24.1%)
	No	877 (75.9%)
Quarantine at school	Yes	677 (58.6%)
	No	479 (41.4%)
Whether there are infected patients in your community	Yes	124 (10.7%)
	No	1032 (89.3%)
Distance from worst-hit areas	1~10 km	302(26.1%)
	10~20 km	113 (9.8%)
	20~50 km	129 (11.2%)
	More than 50 kilometers	612 (52.9%)
Per capita living space	Between 10–20 sq	427 (36.9%)
	Between 20–30 sq	297 (25.7%)
	More than 30 square meters	432 (37.4%)
Physical activity/exercise intensity	Low	433 (37.5%)
	Middle	516 (44.6%)
	High	207 (17.9%)
Undergraduate’s place of residence	Home	687 (70.7%)
	Dormitory or other places	285 (29.3%)
Postgraduate’s place of residence	Home	76 (41.3%)
	Dormitory or other places	108(58.7%)
Total		1156 (100%)

Table 2 Levels of Anxiety of Respondents

Level of Anxiety	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Did not present anxiety	600	51.9%
Mild anxiety	448	38.7%
Moderate anxiety	76	6.6%
Severe anxiety	32	2.8%
Total	1156	100.0%

Table 3 Levels of Depression of Respondents

Level of Depression	Frequency (n)	Percent (%)
Not symptoms of depression	490	42.4%
Mild depression	468	40.5%
Moderate depression	135	11.7%
Moderately severe depression	38	3.3%
Severe depression	25	2.1%
Total	1156	100.0%

Table 4 Univariate Statistics on the Association Between Sociodemographic Characteristics and Anxiety and Depression Levels (n=1156)

		Total	Anxiety				Depression
Variable			Yes	No	Statistics	P value	Yes	No	Statistics	P value
		n (%)	n (%)	n (%)			n (%)	n (%)
Sex	Female	887 (76.7%)	435 (78.2%)	452 (75.3%)	1.363a	0.136	510 (76.6%)	377 (76.9%)	0.021a	0.471
	Male	269 (23.3%)	121 (21.8%)	148 (24.7%)			156 (23.4%)	113 (23.1%)
Grade	Freshman	208 (18.0%)	97 (17.4%)	111 (18.5%)	14.661a	0.005**	117 (17.6%)	91 (18.6%)	7.996a	0.092
	Sophomore	272 (23.5%)	119 (21.4%)	153 (25.5%)			157 (23.6%)	115 (23.5%)
	Junior	266 (23.0%)	113 (20.3%)	153 (25.5%)			140 (21.0%)	126 (25.7%)
	Senior	226 (19.6%)	122 (21.9%)	104 (17.3%)			147 (22.1%)	79 (16.1%)
	Postgraduate	184 (15.9%)	105 (18.9%)	79 (13.2%)			105 (15.8%)	79 (16.1%)
University located in affected area	Yes	399 (34.5%)	202 (36.3%)	197 (32.8%)	1.562a	0.117	234 (35.1%)	165 (33.7%)	0.267a	0.325
	No	757 (65.5%)	354 (63.7%)	403 (67.2%)			432 (64.9%)	325 (66.3%)
Place of residence	Home	763 (66.0%)	356 (64.0%)	407 (67.8%)	1.862a	0.096	432 (64.9%)	331 (67.6%)	0.908a	0.187
	Dormitory or other places	393 (34.0%)	200 (36.0%)	193 (32.2%)			234 (35.1%)	159 (32.4%)
Living in afffected area	Yes	416 (36.0%)	212 (38.1%)	204 (34.0%)	2.136a	0.081	246 (36.9%)	170 (34.7%)	0.617a	0.235
	No	740 (64.0%)	344 (61.9%)	396 (66.0%)			420 (63.1%)	320 (65.3%)
Origin of student	Urban area	583 (50.4%)	266 (47.8%)	317 (52.8%)	2.876a	0.051	332 (49.8%)	251 (51.2%)	0.213a	0.344
	Rural area	573 (49.6%)	290 (52.2%)	283 (47.2%)			334 (50.2%)	239 (48.8%)
Only child status	Yes	562 (48.6%)	254 (45.7%)	308 (51.3%)	3.688a	0.031*	310 (46.5%)	252 (51.4%)	2.693a	0.057
	No	594 (51.4%)	302 (54.3%)	292 (48.7%)			356 (53.5%)	238 (48.6%)
Class peer leader	Yes	279 (24.1%)	135 (24.3%)	144 (24.0%)	0.012a	0.483	155 (23.3%)	124 (25.3%)	0.637a	0.233
	No	877 (75.9%)	421 (75.7%)	456 (76.0%)			511 (76.7%)	366 (74.7%)
Quarantine at school	Yes	677 (58.6%)	324 (58.3%)	353 (58.8%)	0.037a	0.447	390 (58.6%)	287 (58.6%)	0.000a	0.523
	No	479 (41.4%)	232 (41.7%)	247 (41.2%)			276 (41.4%)	203 (41.4%)
Whether there are infected patients in your community	Yes	124 (10.7%)	66 (11.9%)	58 (9.7%)	1.464a	0.133	86 (12.9%)	38 (7.8%)	7.843a	0.003**
	No	1032 (89.3%)	490 (88.1%)	542 (90.3%)			580 (87.1%)	452 (92.2%)
Distance from worst-hit areas	1~10 km	302 (26.1%)	157 (28.2%)	145 (24.2%)	8.324a	0.040*	183 (27.5%)	119 (24.3%)	5.072a	0.167
	10~20 km	113 (9.8%)	63 (11.3%)	50 (8.3%)			66 (9.9%)	47 (9.6%)
	20~50 km	129 (11.2%)	65 (11.7%)	64 (10.7%)			82 (12.3%)	47 (9.6%)
	More than 50 kilometers	612 (52.9%)	271 (48.7%)	341 (56.8%)			335 (50.3%)	277 (56.5%)
Per capita living space	Between 10–20 sq	427 (36.9%)	219 (39.4%)	208 (34.7%)	3.266a	0.195	260 (39.0%)	167 (34.1%)	3.659a	0.161
	Between 20–30 sq	297 (25.7%)	142 (25.5%)	155 (25.8%)			160 (24.0%)	137 (28.0%)
	More than 30 sq	432 (37.4%)	195 (35.1%)	237 (39.5%)			246 (36.9%)	186 (38.0%)
Physical activity/exercise intensity	Low	433 (37.5%)	235 (42.3%)	198 (33.0%)	11.870a	0.003**	281 (42.2%)	152 (31.0%)	15.798a	0.000***
	Middle	516 (44.6%)	236 (42.4%)	280 (46.7%)			280 (42.0%)	236 (48.2%)
	High	207 (17.9%)	85 (15.3%)	122 (20.3%)			105 (15.8%)	102 (20.8%)
Total			1156(100%)

Note: *p < 0.05 Pearson’s r; **p < 0.01 Pearson’s r; ***p < 0.001 Pearson’s r.

Table 5 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of the Factors Related to Anxiety

Variable		Anxiety
		B	S.E	P value	OR	95% CI
Grade	Freshman	−0.403	0.225	0.073	0.669	0.430	1.039
	Sophomore	−0.517	0.210	0.014*	0.596	0.395	0.900
	Junior	−0.569	0.198	0.004**	0.566	0.384	0.835
	Senior	−0.118	0.205	0.566	0.889	0.594	1.329
	Postgraduate			0.019
Place of residence	Home	0.082	0.163	0.616	1.085	0.789	1.492
Origin of student	Urban area	−0.164	0.130	0.207	0.849	0.658	1.095
Only child status	Yes	−0.248	0.130	0.056	0.780	0.605	1.006
Distance from worst-hit areas	1~10 km	0.251	0.170	0.139	1.286	0.922	1.793
	10~20 km	0.480	0.214	0.025*	1.616	1.062	2.458
	20~50 km	0.225	0.202	0.265	1.252	0.843	1.860
	More than 50 kilometers			0.112
Physical activity/exercise intensity	Low	0.489	0.175	0.005**	1.630	1.157	2.297
	Middle	0.186	0.170	0.275	1.204	0.863	1.680
	High			0.009

Notes: *p < 0.05 Pearson’s r; **p < 0.01 Pearson’s r; ***p < 0.001 Pearson’s r; place of residence: 1 = home, 2 = dormitory or other places; origin of student: 1 = urban area, 2 = rural area; only child status: 1 = yes, 2 = no.

Abbrevitions: B, unstandardized beta coefficient; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.

Table 6 Binary Logistic Regression Analysis of the Factors Related to Depression

Variable		Depression
		B	S.E	P value	OR	95% CI
Grade	Freshman	0.083	0.211	0.694	1.087	0.718	1.644
	Sophomore	0.123	0.199	0.537	1.131	0.765	1.672
	Junior	−0.129	0.196	0.512	0.879	0.598	1.292
	Senior	0.407	0.209	0.052	1.503	0.997	2.264
	Postgraduate			0.001
Only child status	Yes	−0.240	0.122	0.049*	0.786	0.619	0.999
Whether there are infected patients in your community	Yes	0.620	0.213	0.004**	1.860	1.224	2.825
Physical activity/exercise intensity	Low	0.544	0.173	0.002**	1.723	1.227	2.420
	Middle	0.129	0.167	0.437	1.138	0.821	1.577
	High			0.001

Notes: *p < 0.05 Pearson’s r; **p < 0.01 Pearson’s r; ***p < 0.001 Pearson’s r; Only child status: 1 = Yes, 2 = No; Whether there are infected patients in your community: 1 = Yes, 2 = No.

Abbreviations: B, unstandardized beta coefficient; SE, standard error; OR, odds ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval.