What Makes NPOs Sustainable in an Emergency? Examining the Effect of Person-Organization Fit and Generation on Volunteer Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics

Variable	N	Mean	SD	Min	Max
Whether to continue voluntary activities or not	1360	0.79	0.41	0	1
Hours spent on voluntary activities per month	1076	2.34	1.10	1	4
P-O fit	1360	3.80	0.78	1	5
Millennials (Millennials=1)	1360	0.52	0.50	0	1
Trust in COVID-19 vaccines	1360	3.66	1.26	1	5
Hours spend on voluntary activities per month before the COVID-19 pandemic	1360	2.30	1.09	1	4
Age	1360	44.69	17.40	18	91
Gender (Male=1)	1360	0.53	0.50	0	1
Education	1360	3.47	1.52	1	8
Individual income	1360	3.13	1.79	1	7
Religious affiliation (Having any religion=1)	1360	0.84	0.36	0	1
Ideology	1360	2.98	1.24	1	5
Marital status (Currently married=1)	1360	0.62	0.49	0	1
Occupation (Employed=1)	1360	0.59	0.49	0	1

Table 2 Frequency Analysis

Variable	N	Category (%)
Ethnicity	1360	Non-Hispanic White (67.65%) Hispanic (9.93%) African American (11.91%) Others (10.51%)

Table 3 Determinants of Existing Volunteers’ Engagement in Voluntary Activities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Heckman Selection Model)

Variables	Coefficient (Standard Error)
Second-Stage Selection Model
P-O fit	0.152*** (0.052)
Millennials (Millennials=1)	−0.514** (0.261)
P-O fit x Millennials	0.153** (0.066)
Trust in COVID-19 vaccines	0.065*** (0.022)
Volunteering hours before the COVID-19 pandemic	0.536*** (0.025)
Constant	0.307 (0.215)
First-Stage Selection Model
Age	−0.018*** (0.003)
Gender (Male=1)	0.623*** (0.091)
Race (Reference group: Non-Hispanic White)
Hispanic	0.092 (0.147)
African American	0.110 (0.134)
Others	−0.085 (0.134)
Education	0.042 (0.029)
Individual income	0.162*** (0.032)
Religious affiliation (Having any religion=1)	0.289*** (0.109)
Ideology	−0.030 (0.038)
Marital status (Now married=1)	0.187** (0.091)
Occupation (Employed=1)	0.061 (0.098)
Constant	0.484** (0.205)
Observations	1360
Censored observations	284
Uncensored observations	1076
Lambda	−0.502*** (0.131)
Wald chi2(5)	735.13
Prob > chi2	0.0000

Notes: **p<0.05; ***p<0.01.