A Study on Influencing Factors of Physicians’ Suboptimal Health Status in Primary Healthcare Institutions

Figures & data

Table 1 An Overview of Variables

Category	Group	Variable
Personal related	Personal characteristics	Gender, age, BMI, diploma
	Life style	Work and rest, dietary regularity, breakfast, smoking, drinking, exercise, hobby
Environment related	Work conditions	Title, employment form, satisfaction degree of work environment, job satisfaction, worry about accidents, work pressure, long working hours, night shift
	Social conditions	Marital status, number of children, colleague relationship, life pressure, pressure coping ways, children condition, elderly condition, social support
	Material conditions	Annual personal income, annual family income, household type, basic health insurance, commercial insurance

Figure 1 The conceptual model of influencing factors of SHS (sub-optimal health status).

Table 2 Demographic Characteristics of Participants

Demographic Characteristics	Overall (n=682)
Health Status
Health	225(32.99%)
Suboptimal health	457(67.01%)
Age in years (mean±SD)	40.53(8.68)
Age Group (years)
29 and below	70(10.26%)
30–39	241(35.34%)
40–49	266(39.00%)
50 and above	105(15.40%)
Area
Eastern	281(41.20)
Middle	171(25.07%)
Western	230(33.72%)
Personal annual income (mean±SD) (CNY)	8.2(4.96)
Family annual income (mean±SD) (CNY)	17.01(15.99)
Gender, n (%)
Male	344(50.44%)
Female	338(49.56%)
Marital status, n (%)
Unmarried	66(9.68%)
Married	612(89.74%)
Other conditions	4(0.59%)
Education, n (%)
Junior high school and below	52(7.62%)
College	198(29.03%)
Bachelor	351(51.47%)
Master	74(10.85%)
Doctor	7(1.03%)
Title, n (%)
No title	35(5.13%)
Junior title	279(40.91%)
Intermediate title	279(40.91%)
Senior vice title	67(9.82%)
Senior title	22(3.23%)
Usage of Tobacco, n (%)
No	136(19.94)
Yes	546(80.06%)
Usage of Alcohol, n (%)
No	305(44.72%)
Yes	377(55.28%)

Table 3 Results of the Descriptive Analysis of the Participants

Variables	Number of Participants in Sub-Optimal Health	Number of Participants Physically in Sub-Optimal Health	Number of Participants Mentally in Sub-Optimal Health	Number of Participants Socially in Sub-Optimal Health	Mean Scale Score
Age Group (years)
29 and below	54(77.14%)	55(78.57%)	62(88.57%)	60(85.71%)	70.43
30–39	174(72.2%)	172(71.37%)	169(70.12%)	187(77.59%)	71.76
40–49	165(62.03%)	184(69.17%)	161(60.53%)	191(71.8%)	75.60
50 and above	64(60.95%)	70(66.67%)	70(66.67%)	73(69.52%)	75.65
Area
Eastern	189(67.26%)	199(70.82%)	186(66.19%)	210(74.73%)	73.28
Middle	113(66.08%)	111(64.91%)	118(69.01%)	124(72.51%)	74.34
Western	155(67.39%)	171(74.35%)	158(68.7%)	177(76.96%)	73.78
Job
Very unsatisfactory	1(100%)	0(0%)	1(100%)	1(100%)	86.43
Relatively unsatisfactory	9(69.23%)	8(61.54%)	8(61.54%)	12(92.31%)	75.27
Ordinary	140(84.85%)	140(84.85%)	141(85.45%)	150(90.91%)	71.61
Fairly satisfactory	255(73.91%)	268(77.68%)	260(75.36%)	277(80.29%)	72.93
Very satisfactory	52(32.91%)	65(41.14%)	52(32.91%)	71(44.94%)	77.44
Life pressure
Few	16(0.24%)	16(68%)	17(25%)	21(30.88%)	77.41
Low	177(0.67%)	183(69.32%)	175(66.29%)	201(76.14%)	73.48
Ordinary	214(0.75%)	225(79.23%)	219(77.11%)	234(82.39%)	73.09
Relatively high	42(0.75%)	50(89.29%)	44(78.57%)	47(83.93%)	73.15
High	8(0.8%)	7(70%)	7(70%)	8(80%)	76.79
Long working hours
0–1/w	174(66.41%)	177(67.56%)	181(69.08%)	198(75.57%)	73.42
2–3/w	151(71.23%)	161(75.94%)	152(71.7%)	163(76.89%)	73.40
4–5/w	92(70.23%)	96(73.28%)	85(64.89%)	104(79.39%)	73.80
6–7/w	40(51.95%)	47(61.04%)	44(57.14%)	46(59.74%)	75.46

Table 4 Results of the Logistic Multivariate Regression Between the Variables and Total SHS Score

Variable	Odds Ratio	p-value	95% CI for OR
			Lower	Upper
Gender (use male as a control)
Female	1.56	0.17	0.83	2.92
Age	0.98	0.47	0.95	1.03
BMI	1.06	0.23	0.96	1.16
Marriage status (use unmarried as a control)
Married	0.99	0.99	0.19	5.15
Other conditions (divorced or widowed)	1.51	0.81	0.05	44.09
Offspring number (use 0 as a control)
1	1.00	1.00	0.22	4.62
2	1.34	0.72	0.27	6.53
3	2.69	0.34	0.35	20.48
Personal income per year	0.90	0.04	0.82	0.99
The family income per year	1.03	0.18	0.99	1.07
Diploma (use junior high school as a control)
College graduates	1.28	0.61	0.50	3.30
Bachelor degree	2.14	0.13	0.79	5.79
Master degree	3.03	0.10	0.81	11.30
Doctor degree	6.19	0.19	0.40	97.03
Title (use no title as a control)
Primary title	1.57	0.44	0.49	5.00
Intermediate title	2.68	0.13	0.75	9.55
Senior vice title	2.71	0.21	0.57	12.85
Senior title	2.31	0.37	0.36	14.59
Hire type (use contract employee as a control)
Permanent staff	0.84	0.50	0.49	1.42
Work environment (use very awful as a control)
Relatively Awful	1.21	0.90	0.05	26.85
Ordinary	1.27	0.66	0.43	3.82
Relatively comfortable	1.11	0.80	0.48	2.60
Very comfortable	(omitted)
Job (use very unsatisfactory as a control)
Relatively unsatisfactory	0.84	0.87	0.10	7.25
Ordinary	4.04	0.02	1.27	12.81
Fairly satisfactory	1.91	0.12	0.84	4.37
Very satisfactory	(omitted)
Worrying about the occurrence of accidents (use never as a control)
Occasionally	3.59	1.58E-04	1.85	6.96
Frequently	2.81	0.09	0.86	9.16
Always	12.68	0.14	0.45	360.76
Working pressure (use none as a control)
Relatively low	1.61	0.38	0.56	4.64
Ordinary	1.49	0.48	0.49	4.52
Relatively high	2.20	0.27	0.55	8.82
Huge	(omitted)
Long working hours (use 0–1/w as a control)
2–3/w	0.82	0.51	0.46	1.48
4–5/w	0.75	0.42	0.37	1.52
6–7/w	0.38	0.02	0.17	0.86
Strained relations with colleagues (use never as a control)
Occasionally	3.05	2.93E-05	1.81	5.14
Sometimes	1.98	0.21	0.68	5.81
Frequently	(omitted)
Always	(omitted)
Life pressure (use none as a control)
Low	0.89	0.82	0.33	2.38
Ordinary	0.75	0.59	0.26	2.13
Relatively high	0.23	0.04	0.06	0.90
High	0.27	0.35	0.02	4.18
Stress-dealing ways (use keep-in-mind as a control)
Lose temper with others	4.81	0.46	0.08	298.12
Decompression by oneself	1.18	0.91	0.08	18.12
Talk to friends and relatives	1.15	0.92	0.07	18.08
Rest and work condition (use very-disorder-condition as a control)
Relatively-disorder-condition	1.23	1.00	0.00
Ordinary	0.53	1.00	0.00
Relatively regular	0.79	1.00	0.00
Very regular	0.89	1.00	0.00
Diet condition (use relatively-disorder-condition as a control)
Ordinary	1.03E-06	0.98	0.00
Relatively regular	2.98E-06	0.98	0.00
Very regular	1.30E-07	0.98	0.00
Breakfast-eating frequency (use 0–1/w as a control)
2–3/w	0.58	0.76	0.02	18.12
4–5/w	0.46	0.64	0.02	11.73
6–7/w	0.24	0.38	0.01	5.85
Smoking frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally (1–5/d)	2.27	0.05	1.01	5.08
Relatively frequent (5–10/d)	1.71	0.49	0.37	7.95
Very frequent (>10/d)	1.43	0.84	0.04	48.59
Drinking frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally	2.13	0.01	1.20	3.77
Ordinary (1–2/w)	2.14	0.12	0.82	5.62
Relatively frequent (3–4/w)	1.92	0.60	0.16	22.56
Very frequent (>5/w)	1.50	0.78	0.08	27.83
Exercising frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally	0.88	0.80	0.32	2.37
Ordinary (1–2/w)	1.08	0.88	0.40	2.93
Relatively frequent (3–4/w)	0.66	0.43	0.23	1.87
Very frequent (>5/w)	0.41	0.15	0.13	1.37
Habits amount (use <3 as a control)
>3	0.66	0.19	0.36	1.22
Children’s condition (use no children as a control)
Not confronting the study or work pressure	0.87	0.68	0.46	1.65
Confront the study or work pressure	(omitted)
The elder’s condition (use no elderly people as a control)
Not in need of caring	0.77	0.60	0.29	2.07
In need of caring occasionally	0.73	0.55	0.26	2.04
In need of caring frequently	1.31	0.59	0.49	3.49
Social support condition (use none as a control)
Few	0.81	0.85	0.09	7.12
Common	1.81	0.57	0.23	14.39
Spare no gains	0.84	0.87	0.11	6.60
Household registration type (use agriculture account as a control)
Non-agriculture account	1.40	0.26	0.78	2.51
Night shift condition (use no as a control)
Yes	1.10	0.71	0.65	1.87
Basic medical insurance type (use urban and rural residents as a control)
Basic medical insurance for urban workers	0.60	0.10	0.32	1.11
No	8.96	0.16	0.44	184.26
Have commercial health insurance or not (use no as a control)
Yes	0.68	0.14	0.41	1.14

Table 5 Results of the Logit Regression of the Score of Sub-Scales and Variables

Variable	Odds Ratio of Physical Dimension	Odds Ratio of Mental Dimension	Odds Ratio of Social Dimension
Gender (use male as a control)
Female	1.05	1.15	0.86
Age	0.99	1.00	0.97*
BMI	1.08*	1.01	0.94
Marriage status (use unmarried as a control)
Married	0.82	0.19**	2.10
Other conditions (divorced or widowed)	1.39	0.41	2.85
Offspring number (use 0 as a control)
1	0.89	1.11	0.41
2	1.19	1.43	0.37
3	3.34	1.37	0.23
Personal income per year	0.96	0.90**	0.93
The family income per year	1.03	1.03	1.01
Diploma (use junior high school as a control)
College graduates	1.08	0.96	1.46
Bachelor degree	1.43	1.59	1.24
Master degree	1.12	1.59	0.79
Doctor degree	0.86	24.16*	2.93
Title (use no title as a control)
Primary title	2.09	1.15	2.77*
Intermediate title	2.16	1.43	3.89**
Senior vice title	3.78*	0.84	9.32***
Senior title	4.95*	1.08	5.52*
Hire type (use contract employee as a control)
Permanent staff	0.95	0.82	1.01
Work environment (use very awful as a control)
Relatively Awful	2.30	0.28	0.04*
Ordinary	1.31	1.22	1.07
Relatively comfortable	1.16	0.84	1.32
Very comfortable	1.00	1.00	1.00
Job (use very unsatisfactory as a control)
Relatively unsatisfactory	0.23	0.59	30.83*
Ordinary	1.83	3.14**	5.98***
Fairly satisfactory	1.62	2.30*	1.90
Very satisfactory	1.00	1.00	1.00
Worrying about the occurrence of accidents (use never as a control)
Occasionally	2.09**	3.95***	2.14**
Frequently	3.00*	6.38***	4.33**
Always	21.32*	51.06**	7.60
Working pressure (use none as a control)
Relatively low	1.50	2.32	0.88
Ordinary	1.76	3.26**	1.12
Relatively high	1.87	2.23	0.72
Huge	8.85	6.10	0.67
Long working hours (use 0–1/w as a control)
2–3/w	1.23	0.63**	0.76
4–5/w	1.08	0.40**	1.37
6–7/w	0.70	0.39**	0.38**
Strained relations with colleagues (use never as a control)
Occasionally	2.15***	1.97	1.38
Sometimes	1.76	2.52	0.82
Frequently	1.00	1.00	1.00
Always	1.00	1.00	1.00
Life pressure (use none as a control)
Low	1.74	0.72	2.45*
Ordinary	1.66	0.71	2.44*
Relatively high	1.85	0.39	1.07
High	0.30	0.28	0.98
Stress-dealing ways (use keep-in-mind as a control)
Lose temper with others	0.12	0.17	1.00
Decompression by oneself	0.09	0.50	2.10
Talk to friends and relatives	0.10	0.70	1.69
Rest and work condition (use very-disorder-condition as a control)
Relatively-disorder-condition	0.61	4.15E-07	7.08E-06
Ordinary	0.18	8.67E-07	2.16E-05
Relatively regular	0.28	5.48E-07	2E-05
Very regular	0.22	4.5E-07	3.43E-05
Diet condition (use relatively-disorder-condition as a control)
Ordinary	4.82E-06	0.59	0.81
Relatively regular	8.05E-07	0.47	0.88
Very regular	4.7E-07	0.30	0.39
Breakfast-eating frequency (use 0–1/w as a control)
2–3/w	2.20	1.47	1.79E-06
4–5/w	2.70	2.05	1.7E-06
6–7/w	1.54	1.35	1.54E-06
Smoking frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally (1–5/d)	1.38	0.77	0.73
Relatively frequent (5–10/d)	1.72	1.01	1.41
Very frequent (>10/d)	4.18	3.71	4.75
Drinking frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally	1.37	3.07***	1.71*
Ordinary (1–2/w)	0.96	1.39	1.52
Relatively frequent (3–4/w)	2.14	2.46	2.64
Very frequent (>5/w)	0.15	1.59	0.48
Exercising frequency (use 0 as a control)
Occasionally	1.36	1.24	1.69
Ordinary (1–2/w)	1.11	1.20	1.15
Relatively frequent (3–4/w)	0.76	0.64	0.69
Very frequent (>5/w)	0.60	0.16***	0.84
Habits amount (use <3 as a control)
>3	0.65	0.87	0.37***
Children condition (use no children as a control)
Not confronting the study or work pressure	1.08	1.96**	1.33
Confront the study or work pressure	1.00	1.00	1.00
The older condition (use no elderly people as a control)
Not in need of caring	0.73	0.42*	0.61
In need of caring occasionally	1.05	0.59	0.59
In need of caring frequently	1.28	0.74	0.78
Social support condition (use none as a control)
Few	0.50	0.56	0.00
Common	1.43	0.43	0.00
Spare no gains	0.75	0.20	0.00
Household registration (use agriculture account as a control)
Non-agriculture account	1.04	1.36	3.15***
Night shift condition (use no as a control)
Yes	0.87	1.30	1.15
Basic medical insurance type (use for urban and rural residents as a control)
Basic medical insurance for urban workers	0.80	0.73	0.42***
No	0.82	0.48	1.00
Have commercial health insurance or not (use no as a control)
Yes	0.78	0.95	0.57**

Notes:*=p<0.1; **=p<0.05; ***=p<0.01.

Figure 2 An influencing model of SHS (sub-optimal health status).

Notes: *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ***p<0.01.

Data Sharing Statement

The raw data supporting the conclusions of this article will be made available by the authors, without undue reservation.