Cardiovascular Disease in China: Socioeconomic Status Variation in Prevalence

Figures & data

Table 1 The Characteristics of the Study Population and the Group with Cardiovascular Disease

Characters	All	%	CVD	%	Without CVD	%	P
All	394,688	100.0	31,275	100.0	363,413	100.0
Urban	206,666	52.4	15,472	49.5	191,194	52.6	<0.001
Average earning^a
≤721	119,239	30.2	4811	15.4	114,428	31.5	<0.001
721–1,443	68,890	17.5	2143	6.9	66,747	18.4
1,443–2,885	60,266	15.3	1800	5.8	58,466	16.1
≥2885	146,293	37.1	4820	15.4	141,473	38.9
Male	180,641	45.8	13,574	43.4	167,067	46.0	<0.001
Age, y
<60	201,441	51.0	7805	25.0	193,636	53.3	<0.001
60–75	152,093	38.5	18,224	58.3	133,869	36.8
>75	41,154	10.4	5246	16.8	35,908	9.9
Marital Status
Married	372,475	94.4	28,371	90.7	344,104	94.7	<0.001
Others^b	22,213	5.6	2904	9.3	19,309	5.3
BMI
<23.00	148,482	37.6	9168	29.3	139,314	38.3	<0.001
23.00–24.99	113,507	28.8	7283	23.3	106,224	29.2
≥25.00	132,667	33.6	14,822	47.4	117,845	32.4
Smoking status
Yes	59,697	15.1	7067	22.6	52,630	14.5	<0.001
Passive	10,708	2.7	1367	4.4	9341	2.6
No	324,282	82.2	22,841	73.0	301,441	82.9
Physical activity^c	286,745	72.7	18,784	60.1	267,961	73.7	<0.001
Drinking	40,528	10.3	5136	16.4	35,392	9.7	<0.001
Hypertension	99,118	25.1	20,562	65.7	78,556	21.6	<0.001
Diabetes	29,592	7.5	6524	20.9	23,068	6.3	<0.001

Notes: ^aAverage annual earning (per. Person, $). ^bOthers represents the all married status excepted for the married (widowed and divorced people and others). ^cPhysical activity represents the exercise for 30 minutes at least three times a week.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body Mass Index; P, p-value testing the difference in the risk factors.

Figure 1 China’s population distribution on the basis of regions.

Table 2 The Simple and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of the Socioeconomic Variation

Characters	Simple Logistic Regression Analysis		Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis
	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)
Urbanization
Urban	<0.001	0.882 (0.853, 0.911)	0.001	0.917 (0.873, 0.964)
Income
≤721	Ref.
721–1443	<0.001	0.685 (0.653, 0.719)	<0.001	0.813 (0.772, 0.857)
1443–2885	<0.001	0.644 (0.611, 0.679)	<0.001	0.769 (0.726, 0.814)
≥2885	<0.001	0.616 (0.592, 0.641)	<0.001	0.801 (0.763, 0.839)

Figure 2 Association between cardiovascular disease and urbanization. (Urbanization refers to the district-level percentage of adults in our sample who were living in an urban area. The grey line was fitted using linear regression with each data point in the plot having the same weight).