The Efficacy of Rule of Law Publicity Short Video Platforms in the Prevention of Medical Disputes Among Healthcare Professionals: A Propensity Score Analysis

Figures & data

Figure 1 Forest plot of significant variables for predicting medical disputes after propensity score analysis.

Table 1 A Comparison of Characteristics Among Participants with and without Learning About the Rule of Law Through Short-Video Platforms Before Propensity Score Analysis

Characteristics	Overall	Learn About the Rule of Law Through Short-Video Platforms		P
		No	Yes
n	37,978	13,582	24,396
Hospital type (Public/Private, %)	36,079/1899 (95.0/5.0)	12,926/656 (95.2/4.8)	23,153/1243 (94.9/5.1)	0.266
Hospital category (%)				0.024
General	24,189 (63.7)	8741 (64.4)	15,448 (63.3)
Traditional Chinese Medicine	8144 (21.4)	2808 (20.7)	5336 (21.9)
Specialized	5645 (14.9)	2033 (15.0)	3612 (14.8)
Tertiary hospital level (%)				<0.001
Class A	21,616 (56.9)	7935 (58.4)	13,681 (56.1)
Class B	5233 (13.8)	1775 (13.1)	3458 (14.2)
Others	11,129 (29.3)	3872 (28.5)	7257 (29.7)
Occupation (%)				<0.001
Doctor	14,951 (39.4)	6097 (44.9)	8854 (36.3)
Pharmacist	3038 (8.0)	1320 (9.7)	1718 (7.0)
Nurse	15,807 (41.6)	4556 (33.5)	11,251 (46.1)
Medical technicians	4182 (11.0)	1609 (11.8)	2573 (10.5)
Technical title (Above middle/ middle or below, %)	7722/30,256 (20.3/79.7)	3486/10,096 (25.7/74.3)	4236/20,160 (17.4/82.6)	<0.001
Sex (Male/Female, %)	11,013/26,965 (29.0/71.0)	4455/9127 (32.8/67.2)	6558/17,838 (26.9/73.1)	<0.001
Age (years, %)				<0.001
<30 years	10,590 (27.9)	3054 (22.5)	7536 (30.9)
30–39 years	17,014 (44.8)	5820 (42.9)	11,194 (45.9)
40–49 years	7917 (20.8)	3472 (25.6)	4445 (18.2)
≧50 years	2457 (6.5)	1236 (9.1)	1221 (5.0)
Establishment of hospital legal construction (%)				<0.001
Yes	36,378 (95.8)	12,905 (95.0)	23,473 (96.2)
No	128 (0.3)	57 (0.4)	71 (0.3)
Unknown	1472 (3.9)	620 (4.6)	852 (3.5)
Examination of law popularization among hospital staffs (No/Yes, %)	5082/32,896 (13.4/86.6)	2595/10,987 (19.1/80.9)	2487/21,909 (10.2/89.8)	<0.001
Hospital’s publicity of rule of law for staffs (No/Yes, %)	2785/35,193 (7.3/92.7)	1699/11,883 (12.5/87.5)	1086/23,310 (4.5/95.5)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through popular legal or knowledge-based websites (No/Yes, %)	2573/35,405 (6.8/93.2)	1473/12,109 (10.8/89.2)	1100/23,296 (4.5/95.5)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through MicroBlog (No/Yes, %)	8199/29,779 (21.6/78.4)	5886/7696 (43.3/56.7)	2313/22,083 (9.5/90.5)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through television	9606/28,372 (25.3/74.7)	6285/7297 (46.3/53.7)	3321/21,075 (13.6/86.4)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through community publicity of rule of law	12,208/25,770 (32.1/67.9)	6989/6593 (51.5/48.5)	5219/19,177 (21.4/78.6)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through social publicity of rule of law	12,936/25,042 (34.1/65.9)	7586/5996 (55.9/44.1)	5350/19,046 (21.9/78.1)	<0.001
Participating in legal training organized by hospitals (No/Yes, %)	6767/31,211 (17.8/82.2)	3329/10,253 (24.5/75.5)	3438/20,958 (14.1/85.9)	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through colleagues or friends	21,932/16,046 (57.7/42.3)	11,209/2373 (82.5/17.5)	10,723/13,673 (44.0/56.0)	<0.001
Previously facing legal issue outside of medical works (No/Yes, %)	18,031/19,947 (47.5/52.5)	6667/6915 (49.1/50.9)	11,364/13,032 (46.6/53.4)	<0.001
Construction status of hospital rule of law (Not very good/Very good, %)	22,893/15,085 (60.3/39.7)	9523/4059 (70.1/29.9)	13,370/11,026 (54.8/45.2)	<0.001
Medical disputes (No/Yes, %)	20,472/17,506 (53.9/46.1)	7299/6283 (53.7/46.3)	13,173/11,223 (54.0/46.0)	0.639

Table 2 A Comparison of Characteristics Among Participants with and without Learning About the Rule of Law Through Short-Video Platforms After Propensity Score Analysis

Characteristics	Overall	Learn About the Rule of Law Through Short-Video Platforms		P
		No	Yes
n	6890	3445	3445
Hospital type (Public/Private, %)	6824/66 (99.0/1.0)	3412/33 (99.0/1.0)	3412/33 (99.0/1.0)	1.000
Hospital category (%)				1.000
General	4834 (70.2)	2417 (70.2)	2417 (70.2)
Traditional Chinese Medicine	1324 (19.2)	662 (19.2)	662 (19.2)
Specialized	732 (10.6)	366 (10.6)	366 (10.6)
Tertiary hospital level (%)				1.000
Class A	4324 (62.8)	2162 (62.8)	2162 (62.8)
Class B	722 (10.5)	361 (10.5)	361 (10.5)
Others	1844 (26.8)	922 (26.8)	922 (26.8)
Occupation (%)				1.000
Doctor	3048 (44.2)	1524 (44.2)	1524 (44.2)
Pharmacist	346 (5.0)	173 (5.0)	173 (5.0)
Nurse	2968 (43.1)	1484 (43.1)	1484 (43.1)
Medical technicians	528 (7.7)	264 (7.7)	264 (7.7)
Technical title (Above middle/ middle or below, %)	1530/5360 (22.2/77.8)	765/2680 (22.2/77.8)	765/2680 (22.2/77.8)	1.000
Sex (Male/Female, %)	1858/5032 (27.0/73.0)	929/2516 (27.0/73.0)	929/2516 (27.0/73.0)	1.000
Age (years, %)				1.000
<30 years	1582 (23.0)	791 (23.0)	791 (23.0)
30–39 years	3514 (51.0)	1757 (51.0)	1757 (51.0)
40–49 years	1504 (21.8)	752 (21.8)	752 (21.8)
≧50 years	290 (4.2)	145 (4.2)	145 (4.2)
Establishment of hospital legal construction (%)				1.000
Yes	6856 (99.5)	3428 (99.5)	3428 (99.5)
No	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Unknown	34 (0.5)	17 (0.5)	17 (0.5)
Examination of law popularization among hospital staffs (No/Yes, %)	290/6600 (4.2/95.8)	145/3300 (4.2/95.8)	145/3300 (4.2/95.8)	1.000
Hospital’s publicity of rule of law for staffs (No/Yes, %)	74/6816 (1.1/98.9)	37/3408 (1.1/98.9)	37/3408 (1.1/98.9)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through popular legal or knowledge-based websites (No/Yes, %)	74/6816 (1.1/98.9)	37/3408 (1.1/98.9)	37/3408 (1.1/98.9)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through MicroBlog (No/Yes, %)	858/6032 (12.5/87.5)	429/3016 (12.5/87.5)	429/3016 (12.5/87.5)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through television	1348/5542 (19.6/80.4)	674/2771 (19.6/80.4)	674/2771 (19.6/80.4)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through community publicity of rule of law	1944/4946 (28.2/71.8)	972/2473 (28.2/71.8)	972/2473 (28.2/71.8)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through social publicity of rule of law	2172/4718 (31.5/68.5)	1086/2359 (31.5/68.5)	1086/2359 (31.5/68.5)	1.000
Participating in legal training organized by hospitals (No/Yes, %)	706/6184 (10.2/89.8)	353/3092 (10.2/89.8)	353/3092 (10.2/89.8)	1.000
Learn about the rule of law through colleagues or friends	5020/1870 (72.9/27.1)	2510/935 (72.9/27.1)	2510/935 (72.9/27.1)	1.000
Previously facing legal issue outside of medical works (No/Yes, %)	3142/3748 (45.6/54.4)	1571/1874 (45.6/54.4)	1571/1874 (45.6/54.4)	1.000
Construction status of hospital rule of law (Not very good/Very good, %)	4364/2526 (63.3/36.7)	2182/1263 (63.3/36.7)	2182/1263 (63.3/36.7)	1.000
Medical disputes (No/Yes, %)	3677/3213 (53.4/46.6)	1887/1558 (54.8/45.2)	1790/1655 (52.0/48.0)	0.020

Table 3 Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Characteristics for Predicting Medical Disputes Before Propensity Score Analysis

Characteristics	OR	95% CI		P
		LL	UL
(Intercept)	1.708	1.657	1.761	<0.001
Hospital type
Public	Ref.
Private	0.973	0.952	0.995	0.015
Hospital category
General	Ref.
Traditional Chinese Medicine	0.954	0.943	0.966	<0.001
Specialized	0.969	0.956	0.982	<0.001
Tertiary hospital level
Class A	Ref.
Class B	0.986	0.973	1.000	0.053
Others	0.985	0.974	0.995	0.005
Occupation
Doctor	Ref.
Pharmacist	0.818	0.803	0.833	<0.001
Nurse	0.978	0.967	0.990	<0.001
Medical technicians	0.817	0.804	0.830	<0.001
Technical title
Above middle	Ref.
Middle or below	0.878	0.866	0.891	<0.001
Sex
Male	Ref.
Female	0.889	0.878	0.899	<0.001
Age
<30 years	Ref.
30–39 years	1.058	1.046	1.070	<0.001
40–49 years	1.148	1.130	1.166	<0.001
≧50 years	1.168	1.142	1.195	<0.001
Establishment of hospital legal construction
Yes	Ref.
No	0.991	0.916	1.072	0.823
Unknown	0.976	0.953	1.001	0.059
Examination of law popularization among hospital staffs
No	Ref.
Yes	0.998	0.983	1.013	0.821
Hospital’s publicity of rule of law for staffs
No	Ref.
Yes	0.964	0.945	0.984	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through popular legal or knowledge-based websites
No	Ref.
Yes	1.022	1.002	1.043	0.031
Learn about the rule of law through short video platforms
No	Ref.
Yes	1.018	1.007	1.030	0.002
Learn about the rule of law through MicroBlog
No	Ref.
Yes	1.013	1.000	1.027	0.049
Learn about the rule of law through television
No	Ref.
Yes	0.986	0.973	0.998	0.026
Learn about the rule of law through community publicity of rule of law
No	Ref.
Yes	1.007	0.994	1.021	0.288
Learn about the rule of law through social publicity of rule of law
No	Ref.
Yes	1.000	0.986	1.013	0.964
Participating in legal training organized by hospitals
No	Ref.
Yes	0.963	0.949	0.977	<0.001
Learn about the rule of law through colleagues or friends
No	Ref.
Yes	1.011	1.000	1.022	0.050
Previously facing legal issue outside of medical works
No	Ref.
Yes	1.291	1.279	1.304	<0.001
Construction status of hospital rule of law
Not very good	Ref.
Very good	0.980	0.971	0.990	<0.001

Table 4 Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis of Characteristics for Predicting Medical Disputes After Propensity Score Analysis

Characteristics	OR	95% CI		P
		LL	UL
(Intercept)	1.555	1.347	1.796	<0.001
Hospital type
Public	Ref.
Private	1.037	0.928	1.158	0.524
Hospital category
General	Ref.
Traditional Chinese Medicine	0.947	0.920	0.974	<0.001
Specialized	0.955	0.921	0.990	0.013
Tertiary hospital level
Class A	Ref.
Class B	0.985	0.949	1.022	0.412
Others	0.980	0.955	1.005	0.115
Occupation
Doctor	Ref.
Pharmacist	0.825	0.783	0.869	<0.001
Nurse	0.975	0.948	1.003	0.077
Medical technicians	0.807	0.773	0.842	<0.001
Technical title
Above middle	Ref.
Middle or below	0.853	0.823	0.885	<0.001
Sex
Male	Ref.
Female	0.907	0.880	0.934	<0.001
Age
<30 years	Ref.
30–39 years	1.074	1.045	1.105	<0.001
40–49 years	1.165	1.118	1.214	<0.001
≧50 years	1.167	1.094	1.245	<0.001
Establishment of hospital legal construction
Yes	Ref.
Unknown	0.924	0.790	1.080	0.319
Examination of law popularization among hospital staffs
No	Ref.
Yes	0.985	0.929	1.044	0.602
Hospital’s publicity of rule of law for staffs
No	Ref.
Yes	1.046	0.932	1.173	0.445
Learn about the rule of law through popular legal or knowledge-based websites
No	Ref.
Yes	1.040	0.932	1.160	0.486
Learn about the rule of law through short video platforms
No	Ref.
Yes	1.029	1.007	1.051	0.010
Learn about the rule of law through MicroBlog
No	Ref.
Yes	1.044	1.008	1.081	0.016
Learn about the rule of law through television
No	Ref.
Yes	0.980	0.951	1.011	0.211
Learn about the rule of law through community publicity of rule of law
No	Ref.
Yes	1.007	0.975	1.040	0.677
Learn about the rule of law through social publicity of rule of law
No	Ref.
Yes	1.014	0.982	1.047	0.409
Participating in legal training organized by hospitals
No	Ref.
Yes	0.942	0.905	0.981	0.004
Learn about the rule of law through colleagues or friends
No	Ref.
Yes	1.018	0.992	1.045	0.174
Previously facing legal issue outside of medical works
No	Ref.
Yes	1.272	1.243	1.301	<0.001
Construction status of hospital rule of law
Not very good	Ref.
Very good	0.977	0.954	0.999	0.045