Machine Learning-Based Prediction of In-Stent Restenosis Risk Using Systemic Inflammation Aggregation Index Following Coronary Stent Placement

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flowchart of data screening and modeling.

Table 1 The Baseline Characteristics of the Subjects Between ISR Group and Non-ISR Group

Characteristics	ISR (n=1269)	Non ISR (n=443)	P-value
Age (median [IQR])	63.00 [55.00, 70.00]	64.00 [56.00, 70.00]	0.414
Gender=1 (%)	886 (69.8)	393 (88.7)	<0.001*
Hypertension=1 (%)	711 (56.0)	235 (53.0)	0.277
Diabetes=1(%)	314 (24.7)	120 (27.1)	0.329
Stroke=1 (%)	138 (10.9)	29 (6.5)	0.008*
Smoking =1(%)	656 (51.7)	275 (62.1)	<0.001*
Anticoagulate=1 (%)	465 (36.6)	88 (19.9)	<0.001*
Diuretic=1 (%)	167 (13.2)	68 (15.3)	0.249
Left main stem=1 (%)	96 (7.6)	49 (11.1)	0.023*
Left anterior descending branch=1 (%)	974 (76.8)	402 (90.7)	<0.001*
Left Circumflex branch=1 (%)	825 (65.0)	312 (70.4)	0.038*
Right Circumflex branch=1(%)	858 (67.6)	331 (74.7)	0.005*
Gensini score (median [IQR])	40.00 [20.00, 70.00]	57.00 [40.00, 87.00]	<0.001*
Number of brackets (median [IQR])	1.00 [1.00, 2.00]	2.00 [1.00, 3.00]	0.002*
Leukocyte (median [IQR])	6.13 [5.09, 7.51]	6.53 [5.38, 7.62]	<0.001*
AISI (median [IQR])	170.17[107.78,302.81]	198.56[131.11,310.87]	<0.001*
PDW (median [IQR])	16.30 [16.10, 16.50]	16.30 [16.10, 16.50]	0.571
ALT (median [IQR])	23.00 [16.00, 33.00]	24.00 [16.50, 33.00]	0.063
AST (median [IQR])	24.00 [20.00, 32.00]	25.00 [21.00, 33.00]	0.027*
TBIL (median [IQR])	12.50 [9.70, 16.10]	12.60 [9.55, 16.20]	0.78
Creatinine (median [IQR])	73.70 [62.10, 88.40]	74.40 [62.00, 87.40]	0.862
Glucose (median [IQR])	5.21 [4.58, 6.46]	5.26 [4.66, 6.49]	0.255
Uric acid (median [IQR])	349.23[290.18,411.74]	345.51[292.76,408.98]	0.917
Total cholesterol (median [IQR])	3.82 [3.18, 4.65]	4.11 [3.48, 4.84]	<0.001*
Triglyceride (median [IQR])	1.28 [0.94, 1.85]	1.36 [1.03, 1.83]	0.124
HDL (median [IQR])	1.03 [0.87, 1.19]	1.04 [0.87, 1.20]	0.477
LDL (median [IQR])	2.26 [1.81, 2.84]	2.49 [1.99, 3.03]	<0.001*
TSH (median [IQR])	2.24 [1.46, 3.52]	2.24 [1.39, 3.54]	0.524

Note: *P<0.05.

Abbreviations: PDW, platelet distribution width; ALT, Glutathione aminotransferase; AST, glutathione transaminase; TBIL, total bilirubin; AISI, Aggregate Index of Systemic Inflammation; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.

Table 2 Performance Evaluation of Five Models

Prediction Model	AUC	95% CI	Accuracy	Sensitive	PPV	NPV
Random forest	0.9569	0.9447–0.9691	0.911	0.855	0.81	0.948
Xgboost	0.7358	0.7048–0.7667	0.705	0.648	0.452	0.855
Elastic Net	0.7143	0.6826–0.746	0.657	0.748	0.411	0.877
MLP	0.7316	0.7002–0.763	0.683	0.69	0.43	0.863
Logistic	0.7338	0.7025–0.7651	0.678	0.697	0.425	0.864

Abbreviations: AUC, Area Under the Curve; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value.

Figure 2 ROC curve of the model.

Figure 3 Comparison of calibration curves of each model.

Figure 4 Importance plot of predictor variables.

Figure 5 Dot plot of predictor variable importance.