Fundal height growth curve patterns of pregnant women with term low birth weight infants

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of study subjects

Characteristics	Pregnant women with term LBW infants (index group)a (n=75; 530 visits)	Normal singleton pregnancies (standard group)b (n=1,038; 7,523 visits)	P-value
Settings (n, %)			0.202
Secondary care hospitals	56 (74.7)	696 (67.0)
Tertiary care hospitals	19 (25.3)	342 (33.0)
Maternal age (year)*	25.0±7.6	25.6±6.2	0.456
Maternal height (cm)*	153.4±5.3	156.1±5.6	<0.001
Prepregnancy weight (kg)*	49.3±7.4	52.6±9.8	<0.001
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m^2)*	21.0±2.9	21.6±3.8	0.074
Total weight gain (kg)*	11.0±4.5	13.5±4.7	<0.001
Gestational weight gain (n, %)c			<0.001
Less than recommended	40 (53.3)	303 (29.2)
Within recommended	28 (37.3)	430 (41.4)
More than recommended	7 (9.4)	305 (29.4)
Parity (n, %)			0.403
Nulliparous	42 (56.0)	523 (50.4)
Multiparous	33 (44.0)	515 (49.6)
GA at first antenatal visit (week)*	12.7±5.2	13.0±5.0	0.586
GA at birth (week)*	38.4±0.9	39.2±1.1	<0.001
Infant’s sex (n, %)			0.187
Female	41 (54.7)	479 (46.2)
Male	34 (45.3)	559 (53.8)
Birth weight (g)*	2,350.8±130.5	3,120.3±325.0	<0.001

Notes:

* The values are expressed as mean ± SD.

a Term LBW infants: infants born weighing <2,500 g between 37 and 42 completed weeks of gestation;

b developed standard fundal height growth curve for Thai women;¹⁴

c recommendations by the Institute of Medicine: underweight prepregnancy BMI (<18.5 kg/m²) =12.5–18 kg; normal weight (18.5–24.9 kg/m²) =11.5–16 kg; overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²) =7–11.5 kg; obese (≥30.0 kg/m²) =5–9 kg.¹⁵ Copyright © 2013 Jirawan Deeluea et al. Deeluea J, Sirichotiyakul S, Weerakiet S, Buntha R, Tawichasri C, Patumanond J. Fundal height growth curve for Thai women. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2013;2013:463598.¹⁴

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; GA, gestational age; LBW, low birth weight; SD, standard deviation.

Figure 1 Example of FH growth curve patterns of six selected pregnant women with term LBW infants against standard FH growth curve for Thai women.

Notes: (A) Pattern I: FH below or around the tenth percentile throughout pregnancy. (B) Pattern II: FH below normal in early pregnancy, caught up with normal, then decelerated or stagnant. (C) Pattern III: FH normal in early pregnancy, then decelerated or stagnant. (D) Pattern IV: FH normal in early pregnancy, decelerated or stagnant, then caught up to normal. (E) Pattern V: FH normal throughout pregnancy except for the last visit. (F) Pattern VI: FH normal throughout pregnancy.
Abbreviations: FH, fundal height; LBW, low birth weight; wk, week.

Table 2 Characteristics of pregnant women for six patterns of fundal height growth curve (n=75)

Characteristics	Pattern I (n=17)	Pattern II (n=19)	Pattern III (n=17)	Pattern IV (n=6)	Pattern V (n=6)	Pattern VI (n=10)
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (year)	20.1±4.6	27.2±7.8	26.1±6.7	23.8±10.5	28.0±8.4	26.0±8.3
Height (cm)	153.9±5.7	154.3±3.6	154.5±6.3	153.1±3.0	153.4±2.9	149.3±6.5
Prepregnancy weight (kg)	46.3±7.1	47.6±5.3	54.6±9.0	49.7±5.7	49.3±8.2	48.7±6.0
Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m^2)	19.5±2.9	20.0±2.1	22.9±3.2	21.2±2.1	20.9±2.9	21.9±2.5
Total weight gain (kg)	8.9±3.2	10.7±2.9	10.6±5.0	12.8±7.2	11.4±5.1	14.6±4.4
Low gestational WGa (n, %)	13 (76.5)	12 (63.2)	7 (41.2)	3 (50.0)	3 (50.0)	2 (20.0)
Nulliparous (n, %)	12 (70.6)	7 (36.8)	10 (58.8)	3 (50.0)	5 (83.3)	5 (50.0)
GA at birth (wk)	38.2±0.7	38.3±0.8	38.7±0.9	38.8±1.2	38.0±0.9	38.3±0.9
Female infant (n, %)	9 (52.9)	11 (57.9)	9 (52.9)	3 (50.0)	4 (66.7)	5 (50.0)
Birth weight (g)	2,284.4±156.5	2,386.0±112.6	2,376.2±108.3	2,338.3±156.9	2,374.2±121.4	2,347.0±125.3
Medical complications (n, %)
Chronic hypertension	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1 (10.0)
Pregestational DM	N/A	N/A	1 (5.9)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Thalassemia disease	1 (5.9)	1 (5.3)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Asthma	N/A	1 (5.3)	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Obstetric complications (n, %)
Hyperemesis gravidarum	N/A	N/A	1 (5.9)	N/A	N/A	N/A
Gestational hypertension	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	1 (10.0)
Anemia during pregnancy	2 (11.8)	N/A	1 (5.9)	1 (16.7)	N/A	N/A
Oligohydramnios	1 (5.9)	1 (5.3)	1 (5.9)	N/A	N/A	N/A
IUGR	7 (41.2)	1 (5.3)	2 (11.8)	N/A	N/A	1 (10.0)

a Note: Gestational weight gain was lower than the recommendations by the Institute of Medicine.¹⁵

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; GA, gestational age; IUGR, intrauterine growth restriction; SD, standard deviation; WG, weight gain; wk, week.

DeelueaJSirichotiyakulSWeerakietSBunthaRTawichasriCPatumanondJFundal height growth curve for Thai womenISRN Obstet Gynecol2013201346359823691342

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