Type 2 diabetes mellitus among government employees in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of government employees of Harar, 2013

Socio-demographic variables (n=714)	Number	%
Age
<35 years	371	51.9
≥35 years	343	48.0
Sex
Male	472	66.1
Female	242	38.9
Ethnicity
Oromo	255	35.7
Amhara	248	34.7
Other ethnic groups*	211	29.5
Educational status
Primary school (grade 1-8)	183	25.6
Secondary school (9-12)	190	26.6
Post-secondary	341	47.7
Marital status
Married	305	42.7
Unmarried	409	57.2

Note: *Gurage, Harari, Somali, Tigray, Southern Nations, etc.

Table 2 Type 2 diabetes cases by selected variables among government employees of Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2013

Socio-demographic variables (n=714)	Fasting blood glucose		COR (95% CI)	P-value
	≥126 mg/dL	<126 mg/dL
	n (%)	n (%)
Age
<35 years	18 (4.85)	353 (95.15)	1
≥35 years	32 (9.93)	311 (90.67)	2.39 (1.34, 4.26)	0.003
Sex
Male	37 (7.84)	435 (92.16)	1
Female	13 (5.37)	229 (94.63)	0.67 (0.35, 1.28)	0.224
Ethnicity
Oromo	17 (6.67)	238 (93.33)	1
Amhara	19 (7.66)	229 (92.34)	1.16 (0.58, 2.29)	0.666
Other#	14 (6.64)	197 (93.36)	0.99 (0.48, 2.07)	0.989
Educational status
Primary school (grade 1–8)	9 (4.92)	174 (95.08)	1
Secondary school (9–12)	12 (6.32)	178 (93.68)	1.30 (0.54, 3.17)	0.559
Above secondary	29 (8.50)	312 (91.50)	1.79 (0.83, 3.88)	0.136
Marital status
Married	15 (4.92)	290 (95.08)	1
Unmarried	35 (8.56)	374 (91.44)	1.81 (0.97, 3.38)	0.063
Alcohol in last 12 months
Yes	11 (8.80)	114 (91.20)	1
No	39 (6.62)	550 (93.38)	0.73 (0.37, 1.48)	0.388
BMI (kg/m^2)
<25	31 (6.50)	446 (93.50)	1
≥25	19 (8.02)	218 (91.98)	1.25 (0.69, 2.27)	0.455
Fruits and vegetables consumption
≤2 days/week	25 (10.00)	225 (90.00)	1
≥3 days/week	25 (5.39)	439 (94.61)	0.51 (0.29, 0.91)	0.023
Vigorous work for 10 minutes
Yes	8 (7.85)	94 (92.15)	1
No	42 (6.82)	570 (93.28)	0.86 (0.39, 1.90)	0.72
Walking for at least 10 minutes/day
Yes	25 (8.90)	256 (91.10)	1
No	25 (5.77)	408 (94.23)	0.62 (0.35, 1.11)	0.113
Vigorous activity that causes high breathing rate
Yes	6 (7.59)	73 (92.41)	1
No	44 (6.93)	591 (93.07)	0.64 (0.307, 1.31)	0.221
Waist circumference*
Normal	11 (4.2)	253 (95.8)	1
Risk group	39 (8.7)	411 (91.3)	I.94 (I.05, 3.58)	0.034
Hip circumference (mean)
Low	18 (4.57)	376 (95.43)	1
High	32 (10.00)	88 (90.00)	2.32 (1.27, 4.22)	0.006
sBP (mmHg)
Mean±SD	121.07±12.60	131.00±10.43	1.07 (1.04, 1.09)	0.000

Notes: ^#Gurage, Harari, Somali, Tigray, Southern Nations, etc. *Waist circumference greater than 102 cm for male and 88 cm for female were used as threshold. P-value <0.05 indicates statistically significant.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; COR, crude odds ratio; BMI, body mass index; sBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Factors associated with type 2 diabetes among government employees of Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, 2013

Socio-demographic variables (n=714)	Fasting blood glucose		AOR (95% CI)	P-value
	≥126 mg/dL	<126 mg/dL
	Number	Number
Age
<35 years	24	457	1
≤35 years	26	207	1.653 (0.89, 3.07)	0.113
Sex
Male	37	435	1
Female	13	229	0.47 (0.22, 1.003)	0.051
Marital status
Married	15	290
Unmarried	35	374	1.53 (0.79, 2.942)	0.205
Fruits and vegetables consumption
1–2 days/week	25	225	1
≥3 days/week	25	439	0.531 (0.29, 0.98)	0.041
Waist circumference*
Normal	11	253	1
Risk group	39	411	1.815 (0.85, 3.90)	0.127
Hip circumference (mean)
Low	18	376
High	32	288	1.17 (0.58, 2.36)	0.669
sBP (mmHg)
Mean±SD	121.073±12.60	131.00±10.43	1.06 (1.026, 1.084)	0.000

Notes: *Waist circumference greater than 102 cm for male and 88 cm for female were used as threshold. P-value <0.05 indicates statistically significant.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; sBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.