The impact of low-carbohydrate diet on glycemic control in Native Americans

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data

	Diabetics	Prediabetics	Total
Number of patients	38	12	50
Age (years)*	54.9±9.1	55.3±15.4	55.0±10.9
Sex (female) (%)	60	85.7	66.7

Note: *Data are presented as mean ± SD.

Table 2 Disease characteristics before and after intervention

	Baseline	After intervention	Change	P-value
Weight (kg) (N=50)	111.7±21.2	100.0±19.8	−11.1±4.4	<0.0001
Body mass index (kg/m^2) (N=50)	39.7±8.2	35.4±7.1	−4.0±1.7	<0.0001
SBP (mmHg) (N=50)	135.9±9.6	118.5±7.5	−17.2±8.9	<0.0001
DBP (mmHg) (N=50)	80±7.5	69.7±5.2	−10.32±8.3	<0.0001
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (N=43)	180.3±34.2	157.2±28.7	−22.1±24.0	<0.0001
LDL (mg/dL) (N=43)	106.6±29.3	87.5±23.8	−46.3±22.2	<0.0001
HDL (mg/dL) (N=43)	41.2±8.3	44.4±9.7	+2.8±7.2	0.0135
TG (mg/dL) (N=43)	164.7±42.1	122.1±33.3	43.8±47.8	<0.0001

Note: All measures are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglyceride.

Table 3 Variables before and after intervention in patients with DM

	Baseline	After intervention	Change	P-value
HbA1c (%)	8.0±1.0	6.5±0.6	−1.4±0.9	<0.0001
Number of oral hypoglycemic agents	1.3±0.6	1±0.4	−0.3±0.5	0.0008
Metformin dose (mg)	1,959±183	1,483±650	−421±576	0.0005
Total insulin dose (U)	54.4±46.8	17±19.5	−35.6±33.9	0.0017
statin dose (mg)	36.9±16.6	33.6±13.2	−3.0±10.1	0.096
number of antihypertensive agents	1.10±0.37	1.07±0.36	-0.02±0.16	0.32

Note: All measures are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, hemoglobin A_1c; DM, diabetes mellitus.

Table 4 Variables before and after intervention in patients with IGT (prediabetics)

	Baseline	After intervention	Change	P-value
Waist circumference (cm) (N=12)	95.5±7.1	84.1±6.6	11.4±2.0	<0.0001
FBG (mg/dL) (N=12)	106.2±3.7	90.6±4.2	−15±4.9	<0.0001

Note: All measures are presented as mean ± SD.

Abbreviations: FBG, fasting blood glucose; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.