DNA phenotyping: current application in forensic science

Figures & data

Table 1 Summary of main EVCs and some associated genetic markers and references

EVCs	Nearest genes/chromosome region associated	References
Eye color	HERC2, IRF4, LOC105370627, OCA2, SLC45A2, TYR	8–14, 18, 67, 68
Hair color	EXOC2, HERC2, IRF4, KITLG, MCIR OCA2, SLC24A4, SLC45A2, TYR	16, 24–26
Skin color	ANKRDII, ASIP, BNC2, DEF8, HERC2, IRF4, KITLG, MCIR, OCA2, PIGU, RALY, SLC24A4, SLC45A2, TYR, TYRPI, SLC24A5	17, 29–32, 69–71
Height	ACAN, DNM3, EFEMP1, FBXWII, GH region, GHSR GPR126, HHIP, HMGA1, HMGA1, IHH, LCORL, MICA, NOG, NPR3, PML, PPIF, SDR16C5, SOCS2	33–39
Facial features	ADAMTS2, ASPH, C5orf50, COL11A1, COL17A1, CTNND2, DNMT3B, EVC2, FBNI, FGFRI, FGFR2, GDF5, LRP6, PAX3, POLRID, PRDMI6, RAII, RELN, ROR2, SATB2, SEMA3E, SLC35DI, TP63, UFDIL, WNT3	41–45
Baldness	AR/EDA2R EBFI, HDAC9, TARDBP, 20 p11	46, 47

Abbreviation: EVCs, externally visible characteristics.