Examination and Interpretation of Bare Footprints in Forensic Investigations

Figures & data

Figure 1 Example of ghosting at apices of toes and rear of the heel seen in dynamic footprints.

Figure 2 The Gunn method.

Figure 3 The Optical Centre method.

Figure 4 Rossi’s Podometric System.

Figure 5 The Reel method.

Figure 6 The Overlay method.

Figure 7 Morphological features of the footprint.

Table 1 Summary of Analysis of Reliability for the Optical Centre Method (OCM), Gunn and Reel Methods

Method	ICC (95% CI)	95% LOA (Upper Lower)	SEM (mm)	95% SEM (mm)
OCM	0.96 (0.92–0.98)	8.68–4.76	2.71	5.31
Gunn	0.99 (0.99–0.98)	1.79–1.40	0.57	1.13
Reel	1.00 (1.00–1.00)	0.61–0.41	0.05	0.10