Mother’s Knowledge of Neonatal Danger Signs and Health-Seeking Practices and Associated Factors in Debretabor, Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of the sampling procedure for the study knowledge of mothers on neonatal danger signs and health-seeking practices and associated factors among women who gave birth in the last one year in Debretabor town, northwest Ethiopia 2019.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants in Debretabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019 (n=772)

Charactestics	Frequency	Percentage
Age of mothers in year
18–24	128	16.6
25–34	439	56.9
≥35	205	26.5
Religion
Orthodox Christian	746	96.6
Muslim	16	2.1
Protestant	10	1.3
Current marital status
Married	730	94.6
Unmarried	42	5.4
Educational status of the mother’s
No formal education	84	10.9
Primary education	148	19.2
Secondary education	176	22.8
Diploma and above	364	47.1
Occupation of the mother’s
Housewife	376	48.7
Government employee	226	29.3
Self employed	29	3.8
Merchant	102	13.2
Student	39	5
Husband educational status (n=730)
No formal education	19	2.6
Primary	66	9
Secondary	159	21.8
Diploma and above	486	66.6
Husband occupation (n=730)
Government employee	407	55.7
Merchant	156	21.4
Self employed	115	15.7
Daily labor	45	6.2
Student	7	1
Exposure to media
Yes	656	85
No	116	15
Family size
<3	15	1.9
3–5	582	75.4
>5	175	22.7
Average monthly income of the family
<1200 ETB	50	6.5
1201–3000 ETB	264	34.2
3001–5000 ETB	248	32.1
>5000 ETB	210	27.2

Table 2 Reproductive and Maternity Health Care Service Characteristics of Study Participants in Debretabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019 (n=772)

Characteristics	Frequency	Percentage
Parity
1	214	27.7
2–4	506	65.5
>4	52	6.8
Had ANC
Yes	727	94.2
No	45	5.8
Number of ANC follow up (n=727)
<4	289	39.8
≥4	438	60.2
Place of delivery
Government hospital	610	79
Health center	115	14.9
Private hospital/clinic	12	1.5
At home	35	4.6
Birth assistant
Health professionals	737	95.5
Traditional birth attendants	35	4.5
Advice on neonatal danger signs after delivery
Yes	570	73.8
No	202	26.2
Had PNC
Yes	711	92.1
No	61	7.9
Number of PNC (n=711)
<3	291	40.9
≥3	420	59.1
Birth preparedness
Adequately prepared	185	24
Not adequately prepared	587	76
Husband/partner involvement
Involved	340	44
Not involved	432	56
Visited by HEWs after delivery
Yes	424	54.9
No	348	45.1
History of neonatal death
Yes	27	3.5
No	745	96.5
Time taken to the health facility
<30 minute	754	97.7
≥30 minute	18	2.3
Mother’s autonomy
Highly autonomous	601	77.8
Less autonomous	171	22.2

Figure 2 Knowledge on each neonatal danger signs among mother’s who gave birth in the last one year in Debretabor town, northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Figure 3 Actions taken by mothers for neonatal danger signs among mother’s who gave birth in the last one year in Debretabor town, northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Figure 4 Reasons why mothers did not take their sick neonates to the health institution among mother’s who gave birth in the last one year in Debretabore town, northwest Ethiopia, 2019.

Table 3 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Mother’s Knowledge on Neonatal Danger Sign in Debretabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019 (n=772)

Variables	Knowledge of mother’s		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
	Good	Poor
Birth preparedness
Adequately prepared	142	43	10.5 (7.14,15.6)	9.06 (5.99,13.7)^Table Footnote**
Inadequately prepared	140	447	1	1
husband involvement
Involved	159	181	2.2 (1.64,2.97)	1.45 (1.04,2.11)^Table Footnote*
Not involved	123	309	1	1
Parity
1	65	149	1	1
2–4	193	313	1.41 (1.004,1.99)	1.2 (0.78,1.78)
>4	24	28	1.96 (1.06,3.65)	2.46(1.16,5.19)^Table Footnote*
Mother’s occupation
Housewife	115	261	1	1
Government employee	107	119	2.04 (1.45,2.87)	1.36 (0.82,2.24)
Self employed	10	19	1.2 (0.54,2.65)	1.0 (0.40,2.47)
merchant	42	60	1.6 (1.01,2.45)	1.68 (0.97,2.9)
student	8	31	0.59 (0.26,1.31)	0.49 (0.2,1.35)
Average monthly income
<1200	12	38	1	1
1201–3000	80	184	1.38 (0.68,2.77)	0.76 (0.34,1.7)
3001–5000	106	142	2.36 (1.18,4.74)	0.64 (0.28,1.47)
>5001	84	126	2.11 (1.04,4.27)	0.42 (0.17,1.04)
Educational status of the mother’s
No formal education	17	67	1	1
Primary education	43	105	1.61 (0.85,3.06)	1.95 (0.94,4.08)
Secondary education	54	122	1.74 (0.94,3.25)	1.79 (0.91.−3.88)
Diploma and above	168	196	3.38 (1.90,5.58)	2.88 (1.45,5.69)^Table Footnote*
Maternal age in year
18–24	35	93	1	1
25–34	172	267	1.71(1.11,2.64)	0.87 (0.49,1.57)
≥35	75	130	1.53 (0.95,2.48)	0.68 (0.34,1.36)
Marital status
Married	275	455	3.02 (1.32,6.89)	2.07 (0.72,5.97)
Unmarried	7	35	1	1
Exposure to media
Exposed	267	389	4.62 (2.63,8.13)	2.85 (1.47,5.53)^Table Footnote*
unexposed	15	101	1	1
Neonates develop danger signs
Yes	113	108	2.36 (1.72,3.26)	1.83 (1.25,2.67)^Table Footnote**
No	169	382	1	1

Notes:

* P value <0.001,

** p value <0.05, 1, reference category.

Table 4 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Mother’s Health-Seeking Practices for Neonatal Danger Sign in Debretabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019 (n=221)

Variables	Appropriate Health seeking practice		COR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
	Yes	No
Birth preparedness
Adequately prepared	75	6	5.2 (2.1,12.8)	2.1 (0.73,6.2)
Inadequately prepared	99	41	1	1
Partner/husband involvement
Involved	113	10	6.85 (3.2,14.7)	3.53(1.49,8.33)^Table Footnote*
Not involved	61	37	1	1
Knowledge of mother’s
Knowledgeable	105	8	7.4 (3.3,16.8)	4.0 (1.63,9.80)^Table Footnote**
Not knowledgeable	69	39	1	1
Mother’s autonomy
Highly autonomous	162	12	9.16 (4.01,18.9)	4.35(1.63,11.6)^Table Footnote*
Less autonomous	28	19	1	1
Exposure to media
Exposed	164	10	11.1 (4.7,23.6)	3.06(1.08,8.63)^Table Footnote*
Unexposed	28	19	1	1
Visited by HEWs
Yes	123	51	2.74 (1.4,5.3)	0.9 (0.33,2.5)
No	22	25	1	1
Educational status of mother’s
No formal education	15	7	1	1
Primary	21	16	0.61 (0.2,1.85)	0.7 (0.18,2.74)
Secondary	35	8	2.04 (0.63,6.6)	1.46 (0.37,5.76)
Diploma and above	103	16	3.0 (1.06,8.5)	0.9 (0.26,3.16)

Notes:

* P ≤ 0.05,

** P ≤ 0.001.

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odd ratio; COR, crude odd ratio; CI, confidence interval; HEWs, health extension workers; 1, reference category.