Culex quinquefasciatus Egg Membrane Alteration and Ovicidal Activity of Cipadessa baccifera (Roth) Plant Extracts Compared to Synthetic Insect Growth Regulators

Figures & data

Figure 1 (A)Control Operculum open and egg hatching. (B and C) Abnormal egg hatching and operculum open from side wall damaged after exposure to Cipadessa baccifera acetone plant extract.

Table 1 Estimation of Desiccation Time of Culex quinquefasciatus Eggs

Plant Extracts and IGRs	DT50 hrs (LCL-UCL)	DT90 hrs (LCL-UCL)	χ2	df
Acetone	1.70 (0.91–2.22)	2.82 (2.32–3.25)	1.085	3
Ethyl acetate	4.40 (3.90–5.00)	6.32 (5.90–7.10)	0.321	3
Methanol	5.10 (4.90–5.55)	6.34 (5.34–7.00)	2.120	3
Chloroform	3.80 (3.24–4.11)	5.43 (4.32–6.10)	5.870	3
Petroleum benzene	7.56 (6.30–8.10)	9.32 (8–10.12)	2.832	3
Azadirachtin	2.11 (1.09–2.81)	3.90 (2.87–4.11)	0.431	3
Buprofezin	4.92 (3.73–6.01)	7.33 (5.98–8.55)	0.821	3

Notes: Significant differences among acetone plant extracts for individual concentrations at *P < 0.05; Lower–upper fiducial limits were shown in parenthesis for respective DT₅₀ and DT₉₀.

Abbreviations: DT₅₀, median desiccation time; DT₉₀, desiccation time for 90% eggs, χ2, Chi-square.

Table 2 Chemical Composition of Methanol Leaf Extract from C. baccifera

S/No	RT	Area	Area %	Compound Name	Activity
1	12.883	9,756,920.0	1.203	Benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-	Insecticidal activity
2	19.440	7,510,873.0	0.926	Phytol	Insecticidal and antibacterial property
3	22.646	9,179,309.0	1.132	5-(2,5-Dimethoxy-phenyl)-2H-pyazol-3-ol-	Antioxidant and anti microbial activity
4	23.312	14,056,956.0	1.733	2H-1-benzopyran-2-one,6-(1-hytroxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxy-	Insecticidal activity
5	24.307	44,122,588.0	5.441	Cyclopropanecarboxylic acid, 2-methyl,-,2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl ester	Insecticidal and acaricidal activity
6	27.683	38,265,564.0	4.719	3-Methyl-2-(2-oxopropyl) furan	Anticancer activity
7	28.114	33,638,632.0	4.148	Octadecanoic acid, ethenyl ester	Insecticidal activity
8	29.174	45,929,464.0	5.664	Palmitic acid vinyl ester	Antifungal activity
9	29.399	123,963,688.0	15.287	Unknown	Unknown
10	29.589	336,982,432.0	41.556	4H-1-benzopyran-4-one,2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3.5,7-tetrmethoxy-	Larvicidal and antibacterial activity
11	29.979	14,258,184.0	1.758	Palmitic acid vinyl ester	Antifungal activity
12	30.079	19,795,344.0	2.441		No known activity
13	30.845	68,102,568.0	8.398	Octadecanoic acid, 1-[[1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester	No known activity
14	31.120	45,352,300.0	5.593	Octadecanoic acid, 1-[[1-oxohexadecyl)oxy]methyl]-1,2-ethanediyl ester	No known activity

Availability of Data and Materials

The data related to the conclusion of this study have been included in this manuscript.