10-Year Experience with Reinforced Ureteral Stents for Malignant Ureteral Obstruction

Figures & data

Table 1 Distribution of the Type of Malignancy of the Three Groups

Type of Malignancy	Total n (%)	Group 1 (n=37)	Group 2 (n=41)	Group 3 (n=62)
Prostate cancer	40 (28.6)	10	15	15
Bladder cancer	27 (19.3)	7	14	6*
Cervical cancer	20 (14.3)	2	1	17**
Colonic cancer	16 (11.4)	6	3	7
Rectal cancer	11 (7.9)	5	2	4
Ovary cancer	8 (5.7)	2	2	4
Pelvic cancer	5 (3.6)	0	1	4
Breast cancer	5 (3.6)	2	1	2
Retroperitoneal mass	4 (2.8)	1	1	2
Gastric cancer	2 (1.4)	1	1	0
Oesophageal cancer	1 (0.7)	0	0	1
Lung cancer	1 (0.7)	1	0	0

Notes: *P < 0.002 versus group 2 and **P < 0.001 versus group 2.

Figure 1 Flow diagram with procedures and patient’s state.

Table 2 Characteristics of the 150 Patients of the Three Groups. Ten Procedures Followed by Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion Were Excluded

Number of Patients (%)
	Group 1 (n=37)	Group 2 (n=41)	Group 3 (n=62)	P value
Mean age (years)	78.3 ± 11.2	75.4 ± 11.7	71.4 ± 13.5	0.01*
Gender (men/women) Side	27/10	31/10	27/35	0.003**
Right	10	9	9
Left	8	13	14
Bilateral	19	19	39
Disease progression (%)	37 (100)	37 (90.2)	51 (82.3)
Previous chemotherapy or hormonal therapy (%)	32 (86.5)	32 (78.0)	55 (88.7)
Previous radiotherapy (%)	11 (29.7)	16 (39.0)	40 (64.5)	0.01**
Urinary derivation (%)	0	4 (6.5)	0
Survival as endpoint (%)	0	8 (19.5)	19 (30.6)
Survival time after stenting (months)	4.9 ± 4.8	19.4 ± 11.2	21.5 ± 16.3	0.2**
Serum creatinine (mg/dl^−1)
At stenting			3.3 ± 2.5
After stenting			1.8 ± 0.9	0.009
Number of stent procedures	37	153	356
Mean number of stent
Procedures per patient	1.0	3.7 ± 2.0	5.7 ± 3.9	0.002
Overall stent failure (%)	0	0	128 (23.0)

Notes: *Group 1 versus group 2 and 3. **Group 2 versus group 3.

Figure 2 Kaplan–Meier analysis of overall survival after stenting in group 1 (green curve), group 2 (blue curve) and group 3 (red curve). The dotted curve indicates the decrease in the incidence of stent failure over time. The median time to the occurrence of an event (death or censored) was 2 months with [IC₉₅ 2–6] for group 1, 22 months with [IC₉₅ 17–33] for group 2, and 26 months with [IC₉₅ 20–41] for group 3.