Psychiatric comorbidities in a young man with subacute myelopathy induced by abusive nitrous oxide consumption: a case report

Figures & data

Table 1 Fulfilled diagnostic criteria of dependence according to DSM-IV-TR of the individual substances consumed by the patient

Substance	Tolerance	Withdrawal	Use despite harm	Larger/longer use than intended	Unsuccessful desire/effort to reduce use	Time to obtain substance or recover from effects	Reduction of social, occupational, or recreational pursuits
Cannabinoid	x	–	x	x	x	x	x
Nicotine	x	x	x	x	–	–	–
Nitrous oxide	x	–	x	x	–	x	x

Note: Diagnostic criteria of dependence according to DSM-IV-TR¹⁹ of the individual substances consumed by the patient. An “x” represents fulfillment and “–” absence of the criterion.

Table 2 Fulfilled diagnostic criteria of abuse according to DSM-IV-TR of the individual substances consumed by the patient

Substance	Recurrent failure to fulfill obligations	Recurrent use when it is physically hazardous	Recurrent substance-related legal problems	Continued use despite recurrent social or interpersonal problems
Amphetamines	x	x	–	–
Cocaine	–	x	–	–
Lysergic acid diethylamide	–	–	–	x
Ketamine	–	x	–	–

Note: Diagnostic criteria of abuse according to DSM-IV-TR¹⁹ of the individual substances consumed by the patient. An “x” represents fulfillment and “–” absence of the criterion.

Figure 1 Sagittal (A) and axial (B) T2W-weighted MRI of the cervical spine revealing marked hyperintense posterior columns.

Notes: The dashed line corresponds to the sectional plane of the axial view. The arrows point to the hyperintense signal of the posterior columns.
Abbreviations: T2W, T2-weighted; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

Figure 2 Sagittal (A) and axial (B) T2W-weighted MRI at 6-month follow-up revealing subtotal remission of the posterior columns’ signal alterations.

Notes: The dashed line corresponds to the sectional plane of the axial view. The arrows point to the former hyperintense signal of the posterior columns.
Abbreviations: T2W, T2-weighted; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.

American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV-TRArlington, VAAmerican Psychiatric Publishing2000

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