Joint versus separate inpatient rehabilitation treatment for patients with alcohol use disorder or drug use disorder: an observational study

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics

Patient characteristics	JT (n=174)	ST (n=145)	p-valuesa
Age (mean, SD, range)	37.1 (11.3), 18–67	35.4 (10.5), 18–64	0.17
Male	87.1%	93.2%	0.046
Migrant background	26.7%	25.5%	0.82
Stable partnership	38.7%	37.9%	0.90
Living alone	47.2%	53.1%	0.30
Living with partner/children	25.8%	19.3%	0.18
Completed school	95.1%	86.2%	0.006
Currently employed	39.9%	29.0%	0.045
Current legal problemsb	29.3%	32.4%	0.55
Illegal income last 30 days	16.6%	20.0%	0.43
Treatment indication
AUD	45.4%	46.9%	0.79
DUD	54.6%	53.1%
SUDs
Alcohol	44.3%	46.2%	0.79
Drugs	33.3%	34.5%
Alcohol and drugs	22.4%	19.3%
Psychiatric comorbidity	18.4%	29.7%	0.018
Current tobacco smoker	90.8%	92.4%	0.061
Months of regular psychotropic substance use, mean (SD)	153 (112)	147 (102)	0.61
Months of regular use of main substance, mean (SD)	134 (111)	124 (104)	0.39
Number of substance classes ever consumed,c mean (SD)	2.4 (1.7)	2.4 (1.6)	0.74
Number. of substance classes recently consumed,c,d mean (SD)	1.8 (1.3)	2.0 (1.4)	0.29
Previous Rehab Treatment	40.1%	32.4%	0.16
TCU motivation scales (range 0–4), mean (SD)
Problem recognition	2.5 (0.8)	2.4 (0.9)	0.27
Desire for help	3.0 (0.6)	3.0 (0.8)	0.71
Treatment readiness	3.4 (0.5)	3.4 (0.6)	0.61
External pressure	1.3 (0.9)	1.4 (0.9)	0.64

Notes:

a Notes: Independent samples t-tests/Welch tests and χ² tests. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant: values shown in bold.

b Currently on probation, in mandatory treatment, or awaiting trial.

c Not including nicotine consumption.

d Last 30 days before detoxification treatment/rehabilitation treatment.

Abbreviations: AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder; JT, joint treatment; ST, separate treatment; SUD, substance use disorder; TCU, Texas Christian University.

Table 2 Treatment process and treatment outcome

	JT (n=153)	ST (n=106)	p-valuesa
Treatment process
At least 1 lapse during treatment	25.5%	12.3%	0.009
Days in treatment, mean (SD)	90.5 (47.8)	114.3 (64.2)	0.003
Days until regular completion,b mean (SD)	114.3 (37.9) [n=94]	141.1 (43.6) [n=60]	0.006
Treatment outcome
Premature termination	37.9%	44.1%	0.26
Regular completion	60.9%	51.0%	0.27
Transferred	1.1%	4.8%	0.048

Notes:

a Welch-corrected independent samples t-test for days in treatment and days until regular completion, Fisher’s exact test for transferred, χ² test for the other variables. p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant: values shown in bold.

b Includes only patients who regularly completed treatment.

Abbreviations: JT, joint treatment; ST, separate treatment.

Table 3 Multiple binary logistic regression analysis of premature termination of treatment

Predictors	B	SE	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a
ST (versus JT)	0.34	0.37	1.41 (0.69–2.90)
Type of SUD (AUD as reference)
DUD	0.86	0.38	2.36 (1.12–4.98)
AUD + DUD	1.05	0.45	2.86 (1.18–6.94)
Treatment type × type of SUD
ST × DUD	−0.13	0.55	0.88 (0.30–2.55)
ST × AUD + AUD	−0.09	0.66	0.91 (0.25–3.33)
Male (versus female)	0.21	0.44	1.23 (0.52–2.93)
School completed (versus not completed)	−0.29	0.41	0.75 (0.33–1.68)
Employed (versus unemployed)	−0.44	0.26	0.64 (0.38–1.08)
Psychiatric comorbidity (versus no psychiatric comorbidity)	−0.22	0.29	0.80 (0.45–1.42)

Note:

a 95% CIs not including 1 indicate a statistically significant association: values shown in bold.

Abbreviations: AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder; JT, joint treatment; SE, standard error; ST, separate treatment; SUD, substance use disorder.

Table 4 Multiple binary logistic regression analysis of lapse into substance use during treatment

Predictors	B	SE	Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)a
ST (versus JT)	−0.56	0.72	0.57 (0.14–2.34)
Type of SUD (AUD as reference)
AUD	2.06	0.51	7.82 (2.89–21.17)
AUD + DUD	1.49	0.59	4.45 (1.39–14.24)
Treatment type × type of SUD
ST × DUD	−0.40	0.91	0.67 (0.11–4.01)
ST × AUD + DUD	−0.05	1.02	0.95 (0.13–6.94)
Male (versus female)	0.37	0.82	1.44 (0.29–7.19)
School completed (versus not completed)	0.14	0.64	1.15 (0.33–4.02)
Employed (versus unemployed)	−0.26	0.38	0.77 (0.37–1.61)
Psychiatric comorbidity (versus no psychiatric comorbidity)	−1.47	0.58	0.23 (0.07–0.71)

Note:

a 95% CIs not including 1 indicate a statistically significant association: values shown in bold.

Abbreviations: AUD, alcohol use disorder; DUD, drug use disorder; JT, joint treatment; SE, standard error; ST, separate treatment; SUD, substance use disorder.