Disability Status, Unemployment, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease (ALD) Mortality: A Large Sample Individual Level Longitudinal Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics and Results for Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Mortality, Entire Sample

Variable	Event	Population	β	HR	95% CI
Employment Status
Employed	922	856,118	Reference	1.00	Reference
Unemployed	114	56,826	0.64***	1.90	1.56, 2.31
Disability	224	30,767	1.32***	3.76	3.22, 4.39
Not in the Labor Force	1378	433,425	0.84***	2.31	2.08, 2.56
Sex
Female	988	733,017	Reference	1.00	Reference
Male	1650	644,119	1.04***	2.83	2.60, 3.09
Race and Ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	1907	1,057,447	Reference	1.00	Reference
Non-White–Minority Status	730	318,753	0.14**	1.56	1.53,1.85
Place of Residence
Outside Central City in SMSA	960	550,298	Reference	1.00	Reference
Central City in SMSA	885	384,647	0.12**	1.13	1.03, 1.24
Rural Area	793	442,191	−0.13**	0.88	0.80, 0.97
Housing Tenure
Own Home	1803	962,608	Reference	1.00	Reference
Rents	835	414,528	0.14**	1.15	1.04, 1.26
Educational Attainment
Some College	673	525,477	Reference	1.00	Reference
Less High School	1102	337,322	0.19***	1.15	1.04, 1.26
High School Graduate	863	514,337	0.10	1.11	0.99, 1.22
Marital Status
Married	1536	857,554	Reference	1.00	Reference
Divorced/separated	432	138,263	0.55***	1.73	1.54, 1.94
Single/never Married	244	278,939	−0.23***	0.79	0.68, 0.92
Widowed	426	102,380	0.41***	1.51	1.33, 1.70
Family Income
$40,000–49,999	150	113,210	Reference	1.00	Reference
< $20,000	1321	431,373	0.35***	1.42	1.19, 1.69
$20,000–29,999	421	254,190	0.06	1.06	0.87, 1.27
$30,000–39,999	272	194,164	0.01	1.01	0.82, 1.23
$50,000–59,999	203	159,544	0.03	1.03	0.83, 1.27
$60,000+	218	199,915	−0.18	0.83	0.67, 1.02
Income Missing	53	24,740	0.15	1.16	0.84, 1.58
Age
18–44	496	780,869	Reference	1.00	Reference
45–64	1202	376,873	1.50***	4.49	4.00, 5.03
65+	940	219,394	1.51**	4.52	3.93, 5.19
LRS			333***
Df			21
R^2			0.243
Events			2638
Population at Risk			1,377,136

Notes: **p < 0.01; ***p< 0.001.

Table 2 Minority Men and Non-Hispanic White Men: Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Mortality

Variable	Minority Men					Non-Hispanic White Men
	Event	Pop.	β	HR	95% CI	Event	Pop.	β	HR	95% CI
Employment Status
Employed	196	100,676	Ref	1.00	Ref	504	367,632	Ref	1.00	Ref
Unemployed	31	10,542	0.45*	1.57	1.07, 2.31	60	21,303	0.78***	2.19	1.67, 2.87
Disabled	61	5274	1.24***	3.47	2.55, 4.73	98	10,979	1.37***	3.94	3.13, 4.97
Not in the Labor Force	179	27,547	0.91***	2.47	1.93, 3.16	520	99,699	0.83***	2.28	1.93, 2.68
Place of Residence
Outside Central City in SMSA	118	47,485	Ref	1.00	Ref	488	212,295	Ref	1.00	Ref
Central City of SMSA	249	65,024	0.28**	1.33	1.06, 1.66	293	109,539	0.06	1.06	0.91, 1.22
Rural Area	100	31,530	0.01	1.00	0.76, 1.31	401	177,779	−0.15*	0.86	0.75, 0.98
Housing Tenure
Own Home	1803	962,608	Ref	1.00	Ref	862	377,469	Ref	1.00	Ref
Rents	835	414,528	−0.02	0.98	0.79, 1.20	320	122,144	0.30***	1.35	1.17, 1.55
Educational Attainment
Some College	65	44,134	Ref	1.00	Ref.	377	217,428	Ref	1.00	Ref
Less High School	280	54,901	0.75***	2.11	1.57, 2.82	415	103,763	0.13	1.14	0.97, 1.33
High School Graduate	122	45,004	0.54***	1.71	1.25, 2.32	390	178,422	0.07	1.08	0.93, 1.24
Marital Status
Married	283	84,622	Ref	1.00	Ref	801	341,040	Ref	1.00	Ref
Divorced/separated	91	13,984	0.46***	1.59	1.24, 2.03	191	39,046	0.66***	1.94	1.63, 2.29
Single/never Married	66	41,689	−0.34*	0.71	0.52, 0.95	94	106,798	−0.41***	0.67	0.52, 0.83
Widowed	27	3744	0.06	1.06	0.78, 1.59	96	12,729	0.48***	1.62	1.29, 2.02
Family Income
$40,000–49,999	29	11,438	Ref	1.00	Ref	74	45,526	Ref	1.00	Ref
< $20,000	254	55,415	0.09	1.10	0.73, 1.64	496	118,349	0.40**	1.49	1.15, 1.93
$20,000–29,999	75	28,345	−0.11	0.90	0.58, 1.38	204	93,489	0.10	1.10	0.84, 1.44
$30,000–39,999	47	19,404	−0.11	0.89	0.56, 1.42	125	76,925	−0.04	0.96	0.72, 1.28
$50,000–59,999	22	11,888	−0.26	0.77	0.44, 1.34	116	69,111	0.13	1.13	0.84, 1.51
$60,000+	32	15,657	−0.11	0.89	0.53, 1.48	136	86,529	−0.02	0.98	0.73, 1.30
Income Missing	8	1892	0.18	1.20	0.54, 2.62	31	9684	0.39	1.48	0.96, 2.24
Age
18–44	126	93,540	Ref	1.00	Ref	200	279,433	Ref	1.00	Ref
45–64	234	35,581	1.32***	3.75	2.93, 4.79	564	143,616	1.58***	4.87	4.07, 5.80
65+	107	14,918	1.06***	2.87	2.06, 4.00	418	76,564	1.62***	5.05	4.04, 6.30
LRS			529.33***					1458.54***
Df			19					19
R^2			0.367					0.291
Events			467					1182
Population at Risk			144,039					499,613

Notes: *p <0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p< 0.001.

Table 3 Minority Women and Non-Hispanic White Women: Alcohol-Related Liver Disease Mortality

Variable	Minority Women					Non-Hispanic White Women
	Event	Pop.	β	HR	95% CI	Event	Pop.	β	HR	95% CI
Employment Status
Employed	62	89,284	Ref.	1.00	Ref	159	297,895	Ref.	1.00	Ref.
Unemployed	9	9357	0.46	1.58	0.77, 3.19	14	15,554	0.57*	1.76	1.07, 3.05
Disabled	26	5370	1.201***	3.34	2.05, 5.43	39	9117	1.48***	4.37	3.04, 6.28
Not in the Labor Force	166	70,703	0.76***	2.13	1.54, 2.96	513	235,268	0.92**	2.50	2.04, 3.06
Place of Residence
Outside Central City in SMSA	64	54,923	Ref.	1.00	Ref	290	12,677	Ref	1.00	Ref
Central City of SMSA	142	82,899	0.21	1.23	0.91, 1.66	200	126,779	0.11	1.12	0.92, 1.33
Rural Area	57	36,892	0.05	1.05	0.72, 1.50	235	195,774	−0.18*	0.83	0.69, 0.99
Housing Tenure
Own Home	140	92,948	Ref.	1.00	Ref	531	411,057	Ref	1.00	Ref
Rents	123	81,766	0.07	1.07	0.81, 1.39	194	146,777	0.04	1.04	0.87, 1.24
Marital Status
Married	105	86,442	Ref.	1.00	Ref	347	344,973	Ref.	1.00	Ref
Divorced/Separated	51	27,353	0.27	1.31	0.91, 1.86	99	57,751	0.56***	1.74	1.36, 2.22
Single/never Married	32	43,079	−0.10	0.90	0.59, 1.38	51	87,072	0.07	1.07	0.78, 1.46
Widowed	75	17,840	0.35*	1.43	1.01, 2.00	228	68,038	0.41***	1.51	1.23, 1.83
Educational Attainment
Some College	43	51,246	Ref.	1.00	Ref	188	212,398	Ref	1.00	Ref
Less High School	150	65,108	0.15	1.16	0.80, 1.68	257	113,179	0.03	1.03	0.84, 1.26
High School Graduate	70	58,360	0.09	1.10	0.74, 1.61	280	232,257	−0.03	0.97	0.80, 1.17
Family Income
$40,000–49,999	13	11,413	Ref.	1.00	Ref	33	44,762	Ref	1.00	Ref
< $20,000	174	82,517	0.11	1.11	0.61, 2.00	397	174,660	0.501**	1.66	1.14, 2.40
$20,000–29,999	31	30,956	−0.27	0.77	0.39, 1.46	111	101,238	0.18	1.20	0.81, 1.77
$30,000–39,999	22	20,026	−0.09	0.92	0.46, 1.81	78	77,698	0.23	1.26	0.83, 1.89
$50,000–59,999	10	11,955	−0.25	0.78	0.31, 1.77	55	66,540	0.16	1.17	0.76, 1.80
$60,000+	11	15,725	−0.47	0.62	0.27, 1.39	39	81,897	−0.45	0.64	0.39,1.01
Income Missing	2	2122	−0.57	0.57	0.12, 2.51	12	11,039	−0.13	0.88	0.45, 1.70
Age
18–44	64	110,731	Ref	1.00	Ref	106	296,421	Ref	1.00	Ref
45–64	109	42,855	1.34***	3.82	2.71, 5.37	294	154,668	1.56***	4.73	3.73, 5.99
65+	90	21,128	1.55***	4.72	3.14, 7.06	325	106,745	1.58***	4.84	3.70, 6.30
LRS			277.05***					842.29***
Df			19					19
R^2			0.028					0.151
Events			263					725
Population at Risk			174,714					557,834

Notes: *p <0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p< 0.001.