Bio-Psycho-Social Profile of People with Substance Use Disorders Treated in Locally Assigned Treatment Facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=621)

Variables	Frequency (%)
Age (In completed years)
16–20	20 (3.3)
21–30	271 (43.6)
31–40	184 (29.6)
> 40	146 (23.5)
Residence
Home	376 (60.5)
Rented House	208 (33.5)
Tent	4 (0.6)
Homeless	33 (5.4)
Marital status
Single	92 (14.8)
Married	528 (85.0)
Widowed	1 (0.2)
Educational status
No formal education	355 (57.2)
Primary	146 (23.5)
Secondary	39 (6.3)
High school graduate	41 (6.5)
Higher studies	37 (6.0)
Religious	3 (0.5)
Employment status
Public	20 (3.2)
Private	432 (69.6)
Both	15 (2.4)
Unemployed	154 (24.8)
Lived abroad in the last 10 years
Yes	69 (11.1)
No	552 (88.9)
Type of rehabilitation setting
Correctional institution	586 (94.4)
Public	22 (3.5)
Private	13 (2.1)

Table 2 Substance Use and Addictive Behaviors of the Study Participants (N=621)

Variables	Frequency (%)
Age at first use
14–20	310 (49.9)
21–30	253 (40.8)
31–45	58 (9.3)
Type of substance (first used)
Hashish	512 (82.4)
Opium	71 (11.4)
Heroin	25 (4.0)
Others	13 (2.2)
Type of substance (Before treatment)
Hashish	415 (66.8)
Opium	111 (17.9)
Heroin	45 (7.2)
Others	50 (8.1)
Frequency of use
Daily (once)	331 (53.3)
Daily (more than once)	156 (25.2)
1–2 days/week	76 (12.2)
4–6 days/week	58 (9.3)
Pattern of use
Smoking	551 (88.7)
Sniffing	5 (0.8)
Injection	65 (10.5)
Reasons for substance use
Family disputes	112 (18.0)
Joy seeking	88 (14.2)
Friends offer	303 (48.8)
Psychiatric disorders	70 (11.3)
Addicted person in family	8 (1.3)
Economic problems	40 (6.4)
Presence of any other family who is addict
Yes	101 (16.3)
No	520 (83.7)
Prior attempt to quit
Yes	615 (99.0)
No	6 (1.0)
Reasons for failure
Lack of social support	87 (14.0)
Physical/Medical problems	30 (4.8)
Peer pressure	365 (58.8)
Economic problems	114 (18.4)
Easy access and availability of drugs in the area	20 (3.2)
Others	5 (0.8)
Brought to health facilities
Family/Peers	224 (36.1)
Self intent	106 (17.1)
Government	265 (42.7)
Referred by doctors	26 (4.2)

Table 3 Health and Other Related Characteristics of the Study Participants (N=621)

Variables	Frequency (%)
How do you rate your health?
Very good	290 (46.7)
Fair	214 (34.5)
Poor	104 (16.7)
Do not know	13 (2.1)
Level of social support
Low	165 (26.6)
High	456 (73.4)
Physical injury or illness in the past 30 days
Yes	46 (7.4)
No	575 (92.6)
Hospitalization in the past 30 days (due to other diseases)
Yes	32 (5.2)
No	589 (94.8)
Ever hospitalization
Yes	239 (38.5)
No	382 (61.5)
Pre-existing medical condition
Yes	64 (10.3)
No	557 (89.7)
History of imprisonment
Yes	52 (8.4)
No	569 (91.6)

Figure 1 Depression, anxiety, and stress levels in people with substance use disorders treated in locally assigned treatment facilities in Kandahar, Afghanistan, 2022.

Table 4 Multivariable Regression Analysis on DAS-21 Total Scores in People with Substance Use Disorders

Variables	B	SE	β	t	95% CI	P
Educational status^a	6.34	1.66	0.12	3.81	3.07–9.60	<0.001
Marital status^b	−0.04	2.29	0.001	−0.22	−4.51–4.50	0.99
Employment status^c	18.8	1.92	0.31	9.76	15.02–22.58	<0.001
Social support^d	−20.81	1.93	−0.35	−10.74	−24.61-(−17.01)	<0.001
Pre-existing medical condition^e	−24.36	2.83	−0.28	−8.58	−29.93-(−18.79)	<0.001
Lived abroad^f	8.63	2.60	0.10	3.31	3.51–13.75	0.001

Notes: ^a1=Uneducated; 0=Educated, ^b1=Single; 0=Married, ^c1=Unemployed; 0=Employed, ^d1=Low; 0=High, ^e1=Yes; 0=No, ^f1=Yes; 0=No.

Abbreviations: B, Unstandardized beta coefficient; SE, Standard error; β, Standardized beta coefficient; CI, Confidence Interval.