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Review

Current protocols in the generation of pluripotent stem cells: theoretical, methodological and clinical considerations

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Pages 13-27 | Published online: 28 Dec 2022

Figures & data

Figure 1 Human pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells cultured from cells of the inner cell mass of normal or parthenogenetic blastocysts, embryonic germ cells generated from primordial germ cells in late embryonic development, embryonal carcinoma cells isolated from adult teratocarcinomas, germline stem cells derived from spermatogonia, and induced pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming differentiated adult cells. Pluripotent stem cells exhibit the potential to produce all cell types of the body. Thus, directed differentiation of these cells holds promise for treating a wide variety of diseases and injuries.

Figure 1 Human pluripotent stem cells include embryonic stem cells cultured from cells of the inner cell mass of normal or parthenogenetic blastocysts, embryonic germ cells generated from primordial germ cells in late embryonic development, embryonal carcinoma cells isolated from adult teratocarcinomas, germline stem cells derived from spermatogonia, and induced pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming differentiated adult cells. Pluripotent stem cells exhibit the potential to produce all cell types of the body. Thus, directed differentiation of these cells holds promise for treating a wide variety of diseases and injuries.

Table 1 Types of pluripotent stem cell lines

Figure 2 Pluripotent stem cell derivation produce colonies similar in morphology and culturing conditions. A) ESC colonies. B) EGC and C) PGC-derived iPSC colony.

Abbreviations: ESC, embryonic stem cells; EGCs, embryonic germ cells; PGC, primordial germ cells; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cells.
Figure 2 Pluripotent stem cell derivation produce colonies similar in morphology and culturing conditions. A) ESC colonies. B) EGC and C) PGC-derived iPSC colony.

Table 2 Pluripotent stem cell markers