https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1986-615X
Figures & data
Figure 1 Chromosome site of different gluten constituents. Short arm of the homoeologous group 1 (Gli-A1, -B1 and -D1 loci) and 6 (Gli-A2, -B2 and -D2 loci) chromosomes encode γ - and ω-gliadins, and α-/β- and some of the γ-gliadins, respectively. Glu-A1, B1, and D1 loci (long arm) and Glu-A3, Glu-B3, and Glu-D3 loci (short arm) of the homoeologous group 1 chromosomes also encode the HMW-GS and LMW-GS subunits of glutenin, respectively.
Figure 2 Gluten protein components and the role of its subgroups in GRDs pathogenesis. According to the results of studies α and γ-gliadins and glutenin are considered to be CD pathogenic responses eliciting factors. The α-gliadin fraction is also reported as DH immunological response triggering agent. Allergic reactivity to the α-/β-, γ- and ω- gliadin fractions and LMW-GS was observed in WA patients. Moreover, patients with NCGS revealed high levels of IgG antibodies against α-, γ- and ω-gliadin and glutenin.
Figure 3 IgE- mediated wheat allergy. As a result of contact with allergens, IL-25 or IL-33 are secreted from epithelial cells, cause Th2 cell response activation and subsequently IgE antibodies production by B-cells. Inflammatory chemical mediators are released as a result of IgE antibody binding to FceRI receptor on mast cells and basophils as well as to specific epitopes in wheat allergens, causing allergic reactions.
